Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), a known complication of cirrhosis Liver is an acute bacterial infection of the peritoneum. Usually no source of infection is easily identifiable. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime in Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP. Material and Methods: This prospective, comparative, single center study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 1st October 2017 to 31st December 2018. A total of 300 admitted patients having Cirrhosis Liver with SBP were included in this study. The patients were randomized into Group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Intravenous Ciprofloxacin and Group B was treated with Intravenous Cefotaxime given twice daily for a period of 5 days. Diagnostic peritoneal paracentesis was done before the start of the treatment and repeated after 5 days therapy. Patients who were either non cirrhotic or had secondary bacterial peritonitis were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 300 Cirrhosis Liver patients with SBP were studied in two equal randomized groups. Out of these 168 were male and 132 were female. The mean age of patients in study was 51.14±11.9 years. The age ranged between 15-75 years. In Group A, 82 percent responded to ciprofloxacin and in group B, 86 percent responded to cefotaxime. Conclusion: Both intravenous ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime are effective in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with Cirrhosis Liver. Key Words: Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Efficacy.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial illnesses in adults and is one of the most common indications for antibiotics. This study is conducted to determine frequency of E-Coli and its sensitivity to nitrofurantoin in patients with urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of District Peshawar, i.e. Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), after reviewed and approved by the Committee for Ethical Review of Research involving Human Subjects of KTH. Non-random consecutive sampling technique was used for the collection of data and data collection was completed in 06 months’ time i.e. from 20th February to 19th August 2018. The survey was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study using open Epi calculator, keeping confidence interval of 95%, sample size calculated is 148. Urine samples were collected in sterile containers and was sent to laboratory for routine examination, culture and sensitivity. A colony 105 or more was considered E Coli growth. Nitrofurantoin was used to check the sensitivity for organisms as per operational definition. All the tests and examinations were carried out under the supervision of experienced medical specialist and microbiologist. RESULTS: In this study, 148 patients were studied. Average age was 41.86 years + 11.62SD. E coli was found in 91(61.5%) of patients out of total 148 patients. Among UTI patients 78(85.7%) were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens, particularly to Nitrofurantoin suggests cautious use of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of UTI