Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of nasal fractures in the Southern region of Egypt during the study period and compare it to the literature.

Background New research indicates that the injury to the renal tubular epithelial cells is a better predictor of renal outcomes in lupus nephritis (LN) as compared to glomerular injury. Iron accumulates mostly in the renal tubular cells of LN patients and murine models of LN. Ferroptosis is an incompletely understood form of cell death involving iron mediated lipid peroxidation, but its role in LN is not well established. Experiment LN and control patient biopsies were stained for markers of ferroptosis. Kidneys of female (MRL/lpr) and male (NZW X BXSB) F1, lupus mice were analyzed for markers of ferroptosis. Human proximal tubular cells (PTEC) were treated with LN serum with or without Liporxstatin-2, a novel ferroptosis inhibitor. Results Compared to controls, LN patients expressed higher levels of ACSL4 and 4HNE, the ferroptosis core proteins in the renal tubules. Compared to non-nephritic mice, nephritic mice had significantly higher gene expression of Aifm2, Acsl4, and Gpx1 as well as protein levels of Acsl4. Nephritic mice had an impaired renal glutathione synthesis pathway. Glutathione is an essential positive regulator of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4: ferroptosis inhibitor) which resulted in lower protein expression of Gpx4. Collectively, LN kidneys displayed a ferroptosis signature and was associated with an increase in Ngal and Kim1, PTEC injury markers. LN patients’ serum induced PTEC ferroptosis and associated pathology were significantly reduced by Liproxstatin-2. Conclusion Our data identify occurrence ferroptosis in renal tubular cell which can contribute to the pathogenesis of LN. Liproxstatin-2 mitigates human LN serum induced PTEC pathology and holds promise as an adjunct therapy to alleviate LN severity. Supported by grants from Vifor Pharma

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Background: Intended and unintended injuries are considered the main causes of disability and death in children worldwide. Recognition of the patterns of children's injuries is critical for improving efficient protection schemes. Aim of the study: This study aims to outline the childhood injury pattern, mode, characteristics, causes, and consequences in patients aged less than 18 years. Method: A prospective study was carried out on patients aged 18 years and below admitted to the emergency department of Sohag University Hospital, in the period between January to June 2021. Data including age, sex, type of injury, mode of injury, and the effects of the injury on the body were collected. Results: 149 cases; 49 females (32.9%) and 100 males (67.1%) were identified. The most commonly affected age group (6-10) years. Intentional injuries were found in 36 cases (24.2%, with male to female ratio of 3:1), compared to nonintentional injuries appreciated in 113 cases (78.2%, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1). The most common etiology was violence applied by a person other than father and mother, either non-intentional or intentional, (45 cases), while the least etiology was animal bite (2 cases). The most common type of injury is contused wound (54 cases) while the least common is a firearm wound (5 cases). Conclusion: Most of the cases of our study were mild or moderate injury and mainly resulted from injury by a person other than father and mother (either non-intentional or intentional) followed by a motor car accident, while the least etiology was an animal bite.

Objective: Management of the near-total auricular avulsion injury is a difficult challenge. There are several techniques for the proper treatment of such injuries with variable results. We present a series of seven cases of traumatic auricular near total avulsion with a narrow flap base. This is accompanied with a review of literature of similar conditions. Patients and Methods:This work presents a retrospective study of patients with traumatic auricular amputation, who were admitted to the emergency department at Sohag University Hospital, in the period from March 2015 to November 2019, with traumatic auricular avulsion. Patients' files were reviewed for demographic data, trauma details, operative notes, and post-operative results. Only patients with neartotal auricular avulsion.Results: Seven patients (6 males and one female) were included with complete records and fulfilled criteria. The mean age at the time of trauma was 25.8 years. Early postoperative venous congestion of the reattached ear was reported in two patients. All cases were successfully reattached without tissue loss of the repositioned tissue or significant shrinkage postoperatively. The literature presented twelve articles reporting 17 patients, where venous congestion was the most common complication after the repair (35.3%). Conclusions:The entire ear can survive based on a small, inferiorly based pedicle with favorable results and without severe complications.