In this study, the effects of Coriandrum sativum to control Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus were determined. Coriandrum sativum extract (CE) was tested in vitro against A. veronii by the disc diffusion assay. In in vivo, 150 O. niloticus (from El-Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt, weighing 34.95 ± 1.98 g) was distributed in five groups (with three replications) in glass aquariums (80 × 40 × 30 cm). The first group (control) was intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of sterilized tryptic soya broth. Groups 2–5 were intraperitoneally challenged with 0.2 ml of A. veronii (4.3 × 106). The five groups were administered a basal diet until clinical signs appeared, and then therapeutic feeding (15 days) was followed: the first (CONT) and second (AV) groups were administered a normal basal diet. The third (AV+CP) and fourth (AV+CE) groups were administered diets supplemented with C. sativum powder and extract, respectively, each at 30 mg/kg. The fifth group (AV+OT) was administered a diet supplemented with oxytetracycline at 500 mg/kg diet. The results of the in vitro experiment revealed that CE has a zone of inhibition of 43 mm against A. veronii. The in vivo results showed that fish administered a therapeutic diet supplemented with CE showed a significant improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters, as well as antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and the pathological findings of the liver and kidney tissues. The current findings supported that the administration of a CE-enriched diet (30 mg/kg) is an eco-friendly strategy for controlling A. veronii in O. niloticus.

Background: Due to the increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the risks of their reprotoxic effect arise. This study anticipated examining the potential protective effects of GEO (geranium essential oil) components screened via GC/MS analysis against the reprotoxic impacts of TiO2 NPs on male rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, GEO (75 mg/kg bwt/orally/day/60 days), TiO2 NPs (100 ppm/rat/IP/day/60 days), and TiO2 NPs + GEO. After 60 days, hormonal assay, semen appraisal, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, testis and prostate morphometry, and the steroidogenesis-related genes’ mRNA expressions were assessed. Results: The TEM and DLS results demonstrated that synthesized TiO2 NPs are spherical with minimal aggregations polydispersed and varying in size from 50 to 100 nm. TiO2 NPs IP injection-induced sperm abnormalities decreased the percent of motile sperms in the sperm count, reduced sex hormone levels, altered the testicular oxidant/antioxidant status and mRNA expression of steroid-related genes, and induced architectural alterations in testicular, epididymal, and prostate gland tissues. GEO significantly rescued the TiO2 NPs-altered spermiogram, sex hormones, and antioxidant capacity, restored the tissue architectures, and enhanced steroidogenesis-related gene mRNA expression. Conclusions: These findings may significantly contribute to developing combinatorial treatments for infertility associated with various environmental and industrial xenobiotic exposures.

The controlled usage of veterinary drugs is a necessity not only for the wellbeing of the animals but also for the quality and safety of human food. The diclazuril is among the commonly administered anticoccidials in veterinary medicine for combating avian coccidiosis, which may lead to its accumulation in poultry's tissues and consequently may possess potential hazards on human consumer's health. Accordingly, this trial was designed to detect residues of diclazuril in different broiler tissues and to define its withdrawal period to ensure the safety for human consumption. A total of 150 broiler chicks of one day old were grouped into several groups; Group II: was orally gavage diclazuril at a dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight once daily for 3 successive days only at age of 15 th day old, group III: was orally gavage the same dose once daily for 3 successive days at age of 15 th day old and for another 3 successive days at age of 32 nd , finally group IV: was orally gavage the same dose once daily for 3 successive days only at age of 32 nd day old. One day post last diclazuril administration and for 7 successive days, five chicks were slaughtered daily from all treated groups and samples from muscle, liver and kidney were obtained to be analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diclazuril was detected in muscles, kidney and liver of all treated groups. Whereas the detected concentrations were below the permissible limits, so it was concluded that there is no premarketing withdrawal requirement for diclazuril. Also neither the age of the bird, nor the repeated doses of diclazuril with time interval affected the accumulation of the diclazuril in broiler tissues. Further studies needed to monitor the effect of longer administration period of diclazuril on its accumulation in different broiler tissues.

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