No abstract

Social capital considers social networks that assure the correlation, cooperation and contraction between neighborhoods. Different scholars discussed the role of urban form in enhancing social capital. Changing development patterns from the traditional in old Egyptian cities to modern neighborhood in new Egyptian settlements creates a debate of their impacts on social capital. Based on case study of three types of neighborhoods, this research provides an understanding of the correlation between specific neighborhoods urban configuration and Social capital and social sustainability.

This paper aims to study cultural heritage management and sustainable tourism in historic cities and display the Experiment of the historical Aswan city in Egypt to rehabilitate and develop Durrat Al Nil Park, the Station Square, and the Old Tourist Market. This is presented through a theoretical study of the cultural heritage management's concept and its stages in integration with the principles of sustainable tourism, commercial, historical markets, and streets. As these sites are one of the most valuable sites in city centers, to reach a successful relationship between human and his needs, whether as a tourist or a resident in the city; and a sustainable visual image of the historical cities. As a result, similar criteria between cultural heritage management and sustainable tourism will be easily set to develop the historical cities' downtowns. These criteria help to prepare a field study to develop Durrat Al Nil Park, the Station Square, and the Old Tourist Market within 2020-2021, as Aswan city was chosen with another 30 cities all over the world to win Guangzhou International Innovation Award for civilized innovation. Also it will help to analyze before and after the development. This paper is carried out within these criteria and principles of cultural heritage management, to see if they are matching to reach an approach that helps to reserve the sustainable visual image of the city and the authenticity of its heritage within the framework of cultural heritage management concepts and sustainable tourism.

Weirs are widely used as discharge measuring device in laboratories, industries and irrigation channels, studied combined orifice-weir flow is a complex phenomenon in hydropower and the discharge capacity of a structure which affects the safety of the structure. In this paper, an experimental study investigate total energy loss through combined weir with different relative width, relative height and gate opening with different relative diameter to improve characteristics of hydraulic jump and reduction scour from weirs. The result showed that, maximum relative energy loss at relative combined weir width = 0.13 but the relative minimum = 0.23, maximum relative energy loss at relative combined weir height =0.18 but the relative minimum =0.12 and maximum relative energy loss at the relative diameter of gate opening in combined weir = 0.2 but the relative minimum = 0.4. Measured and predicted data were agree well and gave standard error = 0.012, correlation coefficient = 97%. Predicted equation ( 4) for relative energy loss using multiple linear regressions data agree well with the measured data Boundary condition for (Initial Froude number = 1.3 to 1.5, relative width of combined weir = 0.13 to 0.23, relative height of combined weir = 0.12 to 0.22 and relative diameter of gate opening in combined weir = 0.2 to 0.4 ).