Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that is represented as patches of hair loss, fractional CO2 laser and cryotherapy are used to stimulate hair growth in patients of AA. Evaluation of fractional CO2 laser effect versus liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in the treatment of AA. Eighty patients presented with patches of AA. The first group consisted of 40 patients were treated with fractional CO2 laser, the second group also 40 patients were treated with cryotherapy. The efficacy of the treatment was statistically evaluated. A positive therapeutic response was noted in most patients by trichoscopy at the end of treatment, there was a decrease in exclamation mark hairs, yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, and an increase in short vellus hair and circle hair of patients compared to baseline and control. No serious side effects were seen. Fractional CO2 laser and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy are considered a promising, safe, and effective treatment modality with the better result with CO2 laser.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Alopecia areata is a common recurrent T cell-mediated autoimmune-induced non-scarring hair loss with not fully understood pathogenesis. It affects nearly 2% of the general population during lifetime. The course of the disease is unpredictable, and currently no treatment is available for complete cure or prevention. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product, which has widely spread in the last decades for treatment of different dermatological conditions including hair disorders. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of activated PRP in comparison to non-activated PRP in the treatment of alopecia areata. This study was conducted on two groups of 20 subjects each who received 4 treatments of intradermal injection of activated and non-activated PRP. <b><i>Results and Conclusion:</i></b> Data obtained in our research confirm that PRP is safe, effective, and well tolerated by patients as a treatment modality for alopecia areata. Besides, such a method is cost-effective as there is no need for any expensive tools for preparation and it can be done in outpatient clinics. Also, activation of PRP prior to injection is not mandatory as there was no statistically significant difference between both groups.

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is an umbrella term for a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders affecting the skin. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the chronic condition and most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Aims Current therapies of DLE are challenging and not completely satisfactory, highly expensive, off‐label, or poorly available (like antimalarials due to COVID‐19 outbreaks). Nicotinamide, also called niacinamide, is a water‐soluble form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Its multiple effects let us think that nicotinamide could be a therapy for lupus‐associated skin lesions. Methods We performed a prospective randomized double‐blind clinical trial on 60 subjects diagnosed with Discoid lupus erythematosus using topical Nicotinamide 2% and 4% preparations in form of cream and gel on skin and scalp lesions. Control group was included using only cream/gel base as placebo control. Results Obtained data showed that topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Topical 4% Nicotinamide is superior to 2% preparation in response but associated with a higher incidence of irritation. Conclusion Topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as an adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Further trials with long‐term therapy, follow‐up period, and bigger sample sizes are required.

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To assess and evaluate the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide 4% topical formulation for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. This study was conducted on 60 patients aged 18-65 years, with mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Nicotinamide