With the rapid development of electrical power systems in recent years, microgrids (MGs) have become increasingly prevalent. MGs improve network efficiency and reduce operating costs and emissions because of the integration of distributed renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage, and source-load management systems. Despite these advances, the decentralized architecture of MGs impacts the functioning patterns of the entire system, including control strategy, energy management philosophy, and protection scheme. In this context, developing a convenient protection strategy for MGs is challenging because of various obstacles, such as the significant variance in short-circuit values under different operating modes, two-way power flow, asynchronous reclosing, protection blinding, sympathetic tripping, and loss of coordination. In light of these challenges, this paper reviews prior research on proposed protection schemes for AC-MGs to thoroughly evaluate network protection's potential issues. The paper also provides a comprehensive overview of the MG structure and the associated protection challenges, solutions, real applications, and future trends.

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Since recent societies become more hooked into electricity, a higher level of power supply continuity is required from power systems. The expansion of those systems makes them liable to electrical faults and several failures are raised due to totally different causes. As a result of these failures, the faulty element ought to be disconnected and isolated as soon as possible to reduce the damage and remove the emergency state from the whole system. Power quality considerations impose the grid to spot the faulted area as rapidly as doable, which forces utility operators in speeding up fault detection and system recovery and subsequently decreasing blackout time and pertinent costs. All these conditions have raised incredible significances about investigating methods and techniques used for fast detecting of faulted area, thus this matter needs to be pulled in broad consideration among researchers in power systems. In this paper, a comparative environment classifies and surveys a wide number of fault location procedures for distribution networks. The paper can be considered as a guide for operating engineers and researchers to settle on the foremost viable plausibility backed their existing framework and necessities.