In the broader Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs, the terms ‘rehabilitation’ and ‘reintegration’ are erroneously used as synonyms. The manifestation of these two distinct phases of a program can be seen in many affected parts of the world. Sri Lanka is one such place where the rehabilitation program was launched after an extended war against insurgency. The vigilantes constituted by the Sri Lankan armed forces, known as Civil Defense Forces (CDF) has been controversial. This paper differentiates the theory and practice and explains what could be done to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of the programs

This paper attempts to analyze the role of international actors in detail and how these states have contributed to the existing situation in the province. Overall, the research is an effort to categorically analyze the domestic as well as international factors behind the instability in Balochistan. Balochistan prominently configures the foreign policies of different states due to the interests and stakes involved in the volatile province. In terms of the transnational factors, there are few factors which have enhanced the significance of the province in the contemporary times, like War on Terror and the emerging economic and geostrategic importance of the province. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has increased the significance of Balochistan, also. At the same time, this increased significance has posed internal challenges for the inhabitants of the province who are of the view that the effects of the development should be visible across the board and the locals should be given their due share. The nationalist movement in Balochistan has developed greater contacts with their co-ethnics in the neighboring countries. Among the foreign powers, the role of India, Afghanistan, China, USA and the Middle East are of great concern.

The moderation effect of organizational culture has also been examined. The quantitative approach has been used in data collection, and 182 sample responses have been gathered from the banking industry employees of Pakistan. The data has been analyzed by employing PLS-SEM. The results have shown that transformational and transactional leadership positively and insignificant affect workplace diversity. However, emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on workplace diversity. Besides, organizational culture has a positive and significant moderation effect between transactional leadership and workplace diversity. The organizational culture has a negative but insignificant moderation effect between transformational leadership and workplace diversity. The organizational culture has a negative but insignificant moderation effect between emotional intelligence and diversity. Managers are recommended to ensure transparency when identifying roles and expectations of the task amongst employees. Secondly, establish reward systems upon effective outcomes. Thirdly, state the punishments with utmost clarity.

Business schools all over the world produce professionals in the categories of job seekers and job providers. In the wide spectrum of businesses and job markets, we come across either the employers or the employees; both are educated and groomed in the business schools. We understand that every profession has its own language of terminologies, slangs and even the gestures; like if you see two doctors discussing a disease, it is difficult to follow the meanings they attach to different phrases. Similar is the case of other professions, may it be agriculture, farming, business, trade or linguistics; all have own passion of words. On the other hand, if we look at the history of human conflicts leading to wars and culminating at utter devastations; a sensible man would hardly find any plausible reason for that. Mostly, these got initiated on egos, lack of communication, language and gestures. For 4-5 decades, there has been gradual rise in establishing business schools and producing professionals in millions every year in developed as well as developing countries. These business schools have different standards of education and grooming for the young minds. Once these graduates join different organizations and interact with each other, initially appear alien, however with the passage of time, they develop co-work-ships. In todays' world, we find business graduates as heads of multinational firms, national business setups, political parties, bureaucracies, public sector functionaries and even the state leaderships. The point is that if we develop a kind of global curriculum for business schools and internalize these institutions, we would be producing the graduates who know each-other before starting their practical lives. Having common curriculum to a larger extent (not necessarily 100%) and achieving reasonable circulation of students among business schools, we would actually be attaining leadership of common understanding and language. Resultantly, it would help attaining global peace and harmony in the diversified world of today which is the basic purpose of this paper. The research paper is focused at developing an understanding of common curriculum in some doable form among business schools and grooming of faculty members accordingly. Ultimately, it is to produce individuals who have global perspective of business education for playing their role for peace and coexistence.

The paper is an attempt to encompass the geo-political and geo-strategic fault lines which could put the region in a perpetual strategic dilemma leading to initiation of a strategic tug of war between the Middle Eastern Powers. The author has highlighted various pros and cons of establishment of an independent Kurdistan and its implications on the entire Middle Eastern Region. Moreover the author has analyzed various practical reasons behind the non-establishment of an independent state. Furthermore last part of paper focuses on the global and regional reactions on the establishment of new Kurd state followed by few policy options.