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A simple, rapid and sensitive Spectrophotometeric method for the determination of fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have been performed in pure form and pharmaceutical tablets. Both drugs gave reddish complexes when treated with iron (III) chloride at pH 4.0. The drugs showed maximum absorption at 530 and 545 nm. In both cases linear calibration was obtained up to 0.9 mg/10 mL of the drug. Effect of different parameters like pH, temperature and time was also studied on the stability of the complexes. The percentage recoveries found by described method was in the range of 98.2---100.01 %. Standards were prepared from the pure compounds obtained from sigma-Aldrich Pharm. The method was successfully employed for the Assay of drugs in commercial formulations. Finally determination of the drugs was carried out through HPLC method which showed that there is no appreciable difference between the results of both the methods. Results revealed that proposed method is practically suitable for routine applications in quality control laboratories for the analysis of fluoroquinolones drugs.________________________________________GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In the current study, various morphologies of zinc oxide (ZnO) including nanorods, nanoflowers, nanosheets/flakes, nanospherical particles, nanohexagonal sheets, and nanoneedles have been prepared by using single step and two-step hydrothermal processes with optimized parameters such as growth temperature, growth time and compositions of both the seed and growth solutions. Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass was used as the substrate. The prepared morphologies were characterized with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the purity of nanostructures was confirmed by elemental analysis (EDX). These nanostructures were used as photo-anode material to fabricate the DSSC using a dye (Rhodamine B) for enhancing the range of solar spectrum that is to be adsorbed. Finally the fabricated solar cells were characterized in terms of their efficiency, gauged by their fill factor. Among different morphologies investigated as photo anode materials; nanosheets/flakes were found to be showing maximum efficiency, with fill factor values around 0.5 due to their larger surface area, better porosity and enhanced capability of light trapping and scattering.

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