Exposure to the fresh detox juices used in this study led to similar color changes in the RBCs used in this study.

Presence of missed canals results in unsuccess root canal treatment because of insufficient cleaning and obturation. The incidence of a maxillary second molar with two palatal roots and a mandibular second premolar with three roots has been rarely reported in literature. This case report describes the endodontic management of a maxillary second molar with two buccal and two palatal roots and mandibular second premolar with three separate roots. Successful endodontic treatment requires a detailed knowledge of root canal anatomy to overcome the anatomic variations of the root canal system. This would help in reducing endodontic failure due to incomplete cleaning and obturation.

üzel bir gülümseme ve görünüş sağlamak için diş rengi önemli bir kriterdir. Günümüzde dişlerdeki renk değişimleri, hastaların hekimlere başvurdukları en sık nedenlerden biridir. 1 Bunun yanında, dişlerinde renk değişiklikleri bulunmayan hastalar, daha beyaz dişler talep

Background: To evaluate the mechanical and surface properties of two glass ionomer restorative systems (EQUIA Fil, Ionostar Molar) and a resin composite (Charisma Classic ) after thermocycling. Methods: Twenty disk-shaped samples were prepared from each material in teflon molds according to manufacturer’s instructions. After the samples were stored in distilled water at 37 0C for 24 h, microhardness and surface roughness measurements were performed from each group and repeated after 5000 and 10000 thermocycling. Scanning electron microscopy examinations were also performed. The data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed rank and Bonferroni corrected multiple comparison tests.Results: EQUIA did not exhibit significant differences in its micohardness values after thermocycling (p >  0.0056). In contrast, Ionostar Molar and Charisma Classic exhibited statistically significant decreases in baseline microhardness after 5000 and 10000 thermocycling processes (each p < 0.0056). However, there were no significant differences between 5000 and 10000 thermocycling groups for Charisma Classic (p = 0.007). Ionostar Molar exhibited no statistically significant differences between its surface roughness values before and after thermocycling groups (p > 0.0017). Similarly, there were no significant differences between baseline and 5000 thermocycling groups for EQUIA and Charisma Classic (p > 0.0017). However, a statistically significant increase was observed after 10000 thermocycles for both of these two materials (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).Conclusion: The EQUIA and Ionostar Molar exhibited mechanical features similar to those of a resin composite, and thus, represent promising materials for permanent restorations. Keywords: Glass ionomer, scanning electron microscopy, surface properties

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of three anterior composite resins with different filler size, rate, and shape after brushing for 5000, 10000, and 20000 cycles with a whitening dentifrice. Methods: 44 disk-shaped specimens of each material (5mm diameter, 2mm depth) G-aenial Anterior, Harmonize, Asteria were prepared and divided into four groups according to the brushing cycles (Initial, 5000, 10000, and 20000 cycles). Initial surface roughness values (Ra-values) were assessed using a profilometer and measurements were repeated after each brushing cycle. 4 specimens from each composite resin were observed by scanning electron microscopy before and after brushing. The data were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk., ANOVA, Tukey, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: The Ra-values of all groups increased in proportion to the number of brushing cycles (p<.05). The Ra-values of both Asteria and Harmonize were significantly lower than the G-aenial after all brushing cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion: All of the materials demonstrated surface irregularities after 20.000 brushing cycles corresponding to 24 months. The degree of surface alteration increased with brushing time and depends on the composite’s filler rate, size, and shape.