Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) has been recognized as one of the suitable technologies for converting a wide variety of biomass fuels into energy. One of the key factors affecting the successful operation of fluidized bed combustion is its distributor plate design. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to provide a critical overview of the published studies that are relevant to the characteristics of different fluidized bed air distributor designs. The review of available works display that the type of distributor design significantly affects the operation of the fluidized bed i.e., performance characteristics, fluidization quality, air flow dynamics, solid pattern and mixing caused by the direction of air flow through the distributors. Overall it is observed that high pressure drop across the distributor is one of the major draw backs of the current distributor designs. However, fluidization was stable in a fluidized bed operated at a low perforation ratio distributor due to the pressure drop across the distributor, adequate to provide uniform gas distribution. The swirling motion produced by the inclined injection of gas promotes lateral dispersion and significantly improves fluidization quality. Lastly, the research gaps are highlighted for future improvement consideration on the development of efficient distributor designs.

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This paper present the potential sites around coastal area of Malaysia for electricity generation by harnessing tidal energy. As the electricity demand increase over the year and generating electricity by using fossil fuel caused the increase number in CO2 emission, thus renewable energy become one of the solution for alternating energy for electricity. There are a few of identified locations along Malaysia’s coastal area that have potential for tidal energy implementation. The approaching for harnessing tidal energy are by using tidal barrage approach which are consist three types of mode generation ebb-mode, flood-mode and double-mode. The output generations are calculated by identify the size of basin at identified locations. For suitable location identification is by using geographical map and bathymetry map. At the end, the identified location that suitable for harnessing tidal energy are Pulau Langkawi, Pulau Pinang, Lumut, Miri, Kota Kinabalu, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Tawau and Labuan.

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