We confirmed that use of PSE reduced ADMA that had accumulated in HD patients. This finding indicates that PSE exerts anti-oxidant activity. A randomized controlled study will be required to determine whether PSE prevents cardiovascular diseases and other dialysis-related complications by reducing oxidative stress.

These results suggest that D(2) receptors promote sodium excretion during a period of high salt intake. A defect in this mechanism may result in sodium-dependent BP elevation.

The aim of this study was to determine the significance of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is known as a marker of oxidative stress in vivo, in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Fifty-one non-dialysed CRF patients (29 men and 22 women; mean +/- SD age, 57.8 +/- 12.8 years) who were under dietary therapy for at least 6 months were enrolled in the study. Both serum and urinary 8-OHdG levels were measured by using high-sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We examined the relationship between 8-OHdG levels and clinical indices in patients with CRF. As a result, the serum 8-OHdG level was strongly correlated with serum levels of urea nitrogen (UN; r = 0.58; P < 0.0001), creatinine (Cr; r = 0.53; P < 0.0001), and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG; r = 0.54; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the serum 8-OHdG level was inversely correlated with creatinine clearance (Ccr; r = -0.54; P < 0.0001). In contrast, urinary 8-OHdG level was not correlated with any of the clinical parameters. This is the first report of 8-OHdG level determination in patients with CRF. It is suggested that serum 8-OHdG level is not sufficient as a marker of oxidative damage in patients with CRF, and it should be corrected according to the residual renal function to estimate the accurate degree of oxidative stress.

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