ABSTRAKImunitas terdiri atas 2 jenis yaitu imunitas alamiah dan imunitas didapat. Imunomodulator adalah semua obat yang dapat memodifikasi respons imun, menstimulasi mekanisme pertahanan alamiah dan adaptif, dan dapat berfungsi baik sebagai imunosupresan maupun imunostimulan. Imunostimulan atau imunostimulator adalah substansi (obat dan nutrien) yang menstimulasi sistem imun dengan meningkatkan aktivitas komponen sistem imun untuk melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Terdapat beberapa imunostimulan yang digunakan dalam bidang dermatologivenereologi, meliputi levamisol, simetidin, isoprinosin, talidomid, sitokin rekombinan, dan vaksin BCG. Masing-masing obat memiliki mekanisme kerja, indikasi dan efek simpang yang berbeda, baik sebagai monoterapi maupun terapi kombinasi dengan terapi lain. Talidomid memiliki peran sebagai antiinflamasi, imunomodulator, dan antiangiogenik, tergantung dari komponen respons imun yang dipengaruhi. Pengunaan talidomid harus mempertimbangkan rasio manfaat berbanding risiko bagi pasien, khususnya dalam penggunaan jangka panjang. Beberapa obat telah disetujui penggunaannya oleh badan yang berwenang di beberapa negara. Namun masih tetap dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efektivitas imunostimulan pada berbagai penyakit kulit dan efek simpang yang ditimbulkan dalam penggunaan jangka panjang. Kata kunci: Imunostimulan, sistem imun IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN DERMATOVENEROLOGY ABSTRACTImmunity consists of two types; innate and adaptive immunity. Immunomodulators are all drugs that modify immune response. They can stimulate innate and adaptive defence mechanisms, and can be used both an immunosuppressant and immunostimulant. Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components, to fight infection and diseases. There are several immunostimulants that have been used in dermatovenereology, such as levamisole, cimetidine, isoprinosine, thalidomide, recombinant cytokines, and BCG vaccine. Each immunostimulants has mechanisms, indications and adverse effects, both as monotherapy and combination therapy. Thalidomide has roles as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, and antiangiogenic, depending on immune response's components that are affected. Long term use of thalidomide in patients must consider benefit versus risk ratio. Some drugs have been approved for use by food and drug administration in several countries. However, we still have to conduct many researchs in order to know their efficacy for dermatological uses, and adverse effects from long term use.
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