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Energy usage on nodes is still a hot topic among researchers on wireless sensor networks. This is due to the increasing technological development increasing information requirements and caused the occurrence of information exchange continuously without stopping and impact the decline of lifetime nodes. It takes more effort to manually change the energy source on nodes in the wireless sensor network. The solution to such problems is to use routing protocols such as Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). The LEACH protocol works by grouping nodes and selecting the Cluster Head (CH) in charge of delivering data to the Base Station (BS). One of the disadvantage LEACH protocols, when nodes are far from the CH, will require a lot of energy for sending data to CH. One way to reduce the energy consumption of each node-far is to use multi-hop communication. In this research, we propose a multi-hop simulated annealing (MhSA-LEACH) with an algorithm developed from the LEACH protocol based on intra-cluster multi-hop communication. The selection of intermediate nodes in multi-hop protocol is done using Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm on Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Therefore, the multi-hop nodes are selected based on the shortest distance and can only be skipped once by utilizing the probability theory, resulting in a more optimal node path. The proposed algorithm has been compared to the conventional LEACH protocol and the Multi-Hop Advance Heterogeneity-aware Energy Efficient (MAHEE) clustering algorithm using OMNeT++. The test results show the optimization of MhSA-LEACH on the number of packets received by BS or CH and the number of dead or alive nodes from LEACH and MAHEE protocols.

Human resources are a very valuable

Developments and advances in information technology are now increasingly advanced by providing convenience for the public in accessing information in the current era of public information. The Charity Management Information System is a service application for the community to optimize donors who want to donate in an easy and fast way. The method used in designing this service application uses the Waterfall method with the Laravel Framework. The Waterfall method consists of, Requirements and Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, and Maintenance. The results obtained using this method are Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) models and Use Case Diagrams at the Design stage. Then, at the Testing stage, an appropriate or valid status is generated from the expected results. This system or website can increase public awareness about the importance of making donations, be it Zakat, Alms, Infaq, or Waqf. And can assist in managing donation data (Zakat, Alms, Infaq, and Waqf) effectively and efficiently, namely to BMI partners (Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia).

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