This)study)has)been)undertaken)to)gain)a)better)understanding)of)how)to)allow)for) energy)storage)in)the)design)of)a)future)built)environment)where)renewable)energy) systems)will)play)a)significant)role.) Electricity)storage)solutions)are)a)key)element)in)achieving)high)renewable)energy) penetration)in)the)built)environment.)This)paper)presents)an)overview)of)electricity) storage)technologies)and)their)distinct)characteristics.)The)currently)available) technologies)have)been)classified)according)to)the)means)by)which)each)can)be)used) in)supplying)energy)to)buildings.) As)the)storage)market)is)evolving)rapidly,)the)analysis)provides)an)upHtoHdate) evaluation)of)different)storage)options)with)regard)to)scale,)reliability)and)siteH specificity)among)others.) It)is)concluded)that)LiHion)batteries,)which)today)have)a)limited)use)in)the)built) environment,)and)ZnHair)batteries)that)will)be)commercialized)in)2013/14)are) amongst)the)most)promising)technologies)for)buildings)due)to)their)exceptionally) high)energy)density.)They)are)expected)to)play)an)important)role)in)reliable,) economical)and)energy)efficient)building)design)in)the)future.)NaNiCl)batteries,) which)are)currently)used)in)vehicles,)are)also)considered)an)important)technology)for) buildings,)because)of)their)high)cycle)lifetime)and)their)high)peak)power)capability.)) Keywords:)Electrical)energy)storage;)Renewable)energy;)Batteries;)Pumped)hydro;) Compressed)air;)Flywheels) * 1.*Introduction* In)the)last)decade,)increased)environmental)concerns)have)led)to)the)formation)of) European)energy)and)climate)policies,)which)suggest)a)significant)CO 2)emissions)) 2.*Electrical*energy*storage*technologies*

In this work, we improved the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed cylinder-based registration and model fitting method of point clouds by terrestrial laser scanners for the as-built modeling of piping systems. Our algorithm simultaneously calculated the scanner parameters and cylinder parameters to avoid the propagation of registration errors and modeling errors. Coarse registration is performed by finding the alignment of the cylinder axes based on the random sample consensus approach and using a hash table. The efficiency of the coarse registration is improved by introducing a three-dimensional hash table. The fine registration and modeling is performed by minimizing the fitting errors of the cylinders as a nonlinear function of the positional and geometric parameters of scanners and cylinders. An iteratively reweighted least squares method is applied to the fine registration and modeling, leading to improved robustness. Moreover, for the modeling of pipes that are slightly bent due to gravity, incident angle filtering of scanned points and cylinder subdivision of the pipes to be modeled are introduced. The efficiency and robustness of the improved algorithm were compared with the previous approach using both artificial and real point clouds. The effectiveness of incident angle filtering and cylinder subdivision was confirmed. The proposed algorithm achieved the level of cylindrical modeling precision required for the renovation work of piping systems.

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This study has been undertaken to gain a better understanding regarding the choice and impact of battery storage technologies in a use case with contribution of an electric vehicle to the overall domestic consumption. The study assessed the storage requirements of nine battery technologies for different residential building scales at the distribution level considering sub-daily autonomy periods. The use case explored in this paper assumed that the battery from an electric vehicle could contribute to the overall domestic consumption during the required hours of storage based on a scenario addressing demand response through peak shifting in 2030 (DR 2030) from an earlier study. After deriving the nominal capacity for each battery technology, the spatial requirements, including footprint, volume and mass, as well as the cost, for the scales of interest were estimated. The study showed that space and cost savings of up to 90% compared to a use case that do not consider EV contribution could be achieved. The choice of the most suitable technology according to its applicability in different building scales and different use cases should be carefully assessed.

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