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Systematics of the gradient on the resonant core-hole state in the Franck-Condon region were investigated theoretically. The steepest gradient for a target bond in the resonant core-excited states becomes more negative with increasing sum of atomic numbers of the atom in the bonded pair and increasing bond order for the associated chemical bond. Gradients for molecules that include conjugated double bonds such as butadiene and hexatriene were also examined at the lowest core-hole state. The gradients for the double bond become negative while that those for the single bond become positive with few exceptions, suggesting that a fragment from a target molecule gains its initial momentum at the multiple bond.

ObjectiveOptimal debulking in interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been reported as a prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer. However, the identification of microscopic residual disease (MRD) using visualization and palpation is subjective. Peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) during IDS is an easy-to-implement, objective approach for assessing disease status, although its clinical relevance and association with MRD is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PWC during IDS.MethodsIn total, 164 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer at our institution were retrospectively evaluated, including 64 who had received NAC. Seventeen patients had undergone an exploratory laparotomy followed by NAC, while the remaining patients were diagnosed based on imaging, peritoneal cytology, and tumor markers. The PWC was performed before intraperitoneal observation at laparotomy during IDS.ResultsNAC-treated patients had stage III–IV disease. IDS was performed in 78.1% of NAC-treated patients. Seventeen patients (26.6%) were PWC-negative and 33 patients (51.6%) were PWC-positive. Fourteen patients (21.9%) had progressive disease and were ineligible for IDS. The median overall survival of the PWC-negative, PWC-positive, and non-IDS groups was 47, 18, and 5 months, respectively. The differences were significant (p<0.01). PWC was an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (p<0.001).ConclusionPWC during IDS may be a prognostic factor for NAC-treated patients with ovarian cancer. PWC may be more useful than visualization and palpation in IDS for determining the presence of MRD.

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