A remote monitoring system for geological exploration in a lava area based on GPS is designed. The system mainly collects geological exploration data in a lava area by means of multi-S integration through the data acquisition module of geological exploration in a lava area. Then the data collected are transmitted to the data analysis and management module of geological exploration data in a lava area by using a GPS network, and the data analysis and management module of geological exploration data in the lava area is exploited. The monitoring data processing method based on the unascertained filtering method is used to remove gross errors in geological exploration data of lava area, identify abnormal values in geological exploration data of lava area, and transmit the abnormal values to the GPS-based geological anomaly location module. The GPS-based geological anomaly location module locates the geological anomaly according to the abnormal values, thus completing the remote monitoring of the exploration of the lava area based on GPS. The test results show that when the system is applied to remote monitoring of geological exploration in a lava area, the positioning error of small soil caves is small, and the reliability of monitoring data is high, which meets the needs of remote monitoring of geological exploration in a lava area.

Monitoring of longitudinal land subsidence and deformation in seismic and geological hazards plays an important role in preventing and curing land collapse, land subsidence, and ground cracks. In this paper, a distributed monitoring model experiment on vertical land subsidence and deformation of seismic and geological hazards is carried out by Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis technology (BOTDA). By using the self-made indoor longitudinal land subsidence and deformation simulation box, different intensity seismic ground is simulated by air bag. Distributed optical fibers are used to monitor the longitudinal land subsidence and deformation during different intensity seismic and geological disasters. According to different intensity seismic and geological disasters, distributed sensing optical fibers cooperate with the ground to compress or stretch longitudinally and obtain the data of longitudinal land subsidence and deformation. The correction coefficient is introduced to modify the monitoring data of confining pressure-sensing optical fiber and complete the precise monitoring of vertical land subsidence and deformation in seismic and geological hazards. The experimental results show that this method can monitor the vertical ground subsidence and deformation of seismic and geological hazards under different conditions, and the monitoring efficiency and cost are superior to GPS and inertial monitoring methods, and the practical application value is high.