Introduction Quality of work life and perception affects the productivity of healthcare professionals. The study aimed to determine the quality of work life (QWL) and job satisfaction (JS) of military healthcare professionals in Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at three military hospitals, one each for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The 35-item QWL and five-item JS Index questionnaires were used to record responses from consenting professionals between January–March 2022. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The overall average QWL score for the population was 86.88 ± 23.04, while overall JS had a mean score of 23.2 ± 7.102. Years of experience (β = –0.292, p = 0.018), and previous posting to war areas (β = –0.285, p = 0.022) were significant predictors of QWL, just as years of experience (β=–0281, p = 0.024) and age (β = 0.235, p = 0.097) were for JS. Conclusion Healthcare professionals serving in the Nigerian Armed Forces have a fair perception of their QWL and JS.