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IntroductionThis article measures the meta-comprehension of reading practices among schoolchildren and students.MethodsThe Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) and Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Scale (MAI) was used to do this.ResultsThe research results showed that MARSI students overall outperformed MARSI high school students, and the differences were tested using Student’s t-test. The problem-solving subscale recorded high levels for students and moderate levels for high school students. Supported reading strategies and Global reading strategies were in the medium range for each age group.DiscussionThe obtained results are primarily important for students and teachers. By being aware of their cognitive processes, students take the first step towards meaningful and thoughtful reading, which is the goal of many modern developments and approaches. As students become more aware of their cognitive processes, their role in the learning process expands to the point where they dominate it, rather than the teacher.

Career decision-making is a complicated process in which students must understand themselves. In this paper, the influence of the implemented “Career development” course on the Toraighyrov University undergraduate students’ readiness for career decision-making was analyzed. The Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDMDQ) and it was used to test the hypothesis that by implementing “Career Development” course the level of students’ career decision-making readiness would increase. The participants were 104 students at Toraighyrov University, divided equally into the control and experimental groups (52 students each). The experimental group, unlike the control group, took the “Career Development” course for 15 weeks. Students were randomly chosen from humanities (psychology, education, journalism, and social work) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (electrical engineering, computer science, and metallurgical engineering) fields. The average age of participants was 21 years. The results show that there is significant difference in pre-course and post-course testing in each of the career decision-making difficulties cluster: (1) Lack of Readiness; (2) Lack of Information and (3) Inconsistent information in experimental in comparison to control group.

In this paper, some specific issues of student leadership development in Kazakhstan universities were consid-ered. The authors draw attention to the fact that leadership development is now becoming an integral part of the undergraduate and graduate educational programs. This paper reviews different leadership approaches and theories to analyze the question of student leadership development and gives the historical classification of leadership studies in the USA. Likewise, in the paper, a brief review was given to the experience of Toraighyrov University in implementing a specific leadership development program, which is designed with taking into account the cultural, professional and educational uniqueness of the region. The researchers of the article offer another alternative way for leadership skills development — creation of a leadership school in the form of non-government organization. Based on the theoretical research conducted by the authors, the main ways of formation of leadership qualities and necessary skills due to several objective and subjective circumstances were identified.

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