Despite the benefits of multicomponent physical–cognitive training programs (MCCogTPs), lower training intensities in the concurrent approach, and bigger heterogeneity with aging, suggest the need for long-term analyses, with special attention to training and detraining in older adults. The present study aims to examine these training/detraining effects in a two year MCCogTP, looking for specific dynamics in the trainability of their physical and cognitive capacities. The intervention was divided into four periods: T1, T2 (8 months of training each), and D1, D2 (3.5 months of detraining plus 0.5 of testing each). Twenty-five healthy seniors (70.82 ± 5.18 years) comprised the final sample and were assessed for cardiovascular fitness (6-minutes walking test), lower-limbs strength (30-seconds chair-stand test) and agility (8-feet timed up-and-go test). Inhibition (Stroop test) was considered for executive function. Physical and cognitive status improved significantly (p < 0.05) throughout the two years, with larger enhancements for physical function (mainly strength and agility). Strength and cardiovascular fitness were more sensitive to detraining, whilst agility proved to have larger training retentions. Inhibition followed an initial similar trend, but it was the only variable to improve along D2 (d = 0.52), and changes were not significant within periods. Notwithstanding aging, and the exercise cessation in D2, physical and cognitive status remained enhanced two years later compared to baseline, except for lower-limb strength. According to these results, basic physical capacities are very sensitive to training/detraining, deserving continuous attention (especially strength). Both reducing detraining periods and complementary resistance training should be considered. Additionally, physical enhancements following MCcogTPs may help cognition maintenance during detraining.

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BacKGrouNd: This study aims to analyze changes in sedentary elderlies' body composition, comparing the impact of two dose distributions: continuous (60 min/session) vs. accumulated (30 min/session in the morning and 30 min/session in the afternoon), on two types of physical exercise programs (multicomponent-training [McT] vs. walking interval-training [WiT]). MeThodS: forty-six sedentary overweight elderly (71.3±4.3 years) were evaluated by bioimpedance with a pre-post 2x2 factorial design. participants were distributed in four homogeneous groups, considering gait and health parameters. RESULTS: The overall sample showed significant improvements in fat mass (% and kg) and fat-free mass (kg) following 15 weeks of training. There was a main effect of "type of exercise" and a moderating effect of "dose distribution" reflected in the interaction of both factors. Bonferroni analyses of the type*dose interaction revealed significant improvements in all groups, except for MCT-accumulated, on both body composition compartments. coNcluSioNS: Starting exercise training, properly periodized and supervised by physical-education trainers, improves body composition of sedentary elderlies regardless of the type of exercise. Accumulated strategies were beneficial only when applied to WIT. Although MTC training improves body composition with only 2 days/week, WiT-accumulated could be a key element in the design of weight control policies looking for breaking sedentary behaviors.(Cite this article as: Blasco-lafarga c, Monteagudo p, roldán a, cordellat a, pesce c. Strategies to change body composition in older adults: do type of exercise and dose distribution matter?

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Background Ageing influences the metabolic flexibility, albeit the physical status could determine this relationship. This cross-sectional study aims to describe and analyse the metabolic flexibility/inflexibility in a group of active older women, together with the impact of ageing and physical status on their oxidation rates and maximal fat oxidation (MFO). Methods Fifteen volunteers (69.00±6.97 years) from 24 women, completed an incremental cycling test until the second ventilatory threshold. Intensity increased 10W each 3min–15sec, starting at 30W. Gas exchange, heart rate, rate of perceived effort, pain scale and muscle power were registered, together with lactate. VO2 and VCO2 were considered for Fat and CHO oxidation (FATox & CHOox; Frayn’s equation) at the intensities 60%, 80% and 100% from the peak of power in the test (P100). Psychophysiological parameters were compared at MFO/FATmax and P100, together with the main correlation analyses, with and without P100 and VO2 as covariates. Results FATox was low at MFO (0.13; 95%CI [0.09-0.17] g·min−1·kg; 5.61 [3.59-7.63] g·min−1·kg FFM), with a shifting down and leftward of a short oxidation-rate curves. CHOox and FATox were both low for a reduced power with age (77.14±18.58 W & 39.29±9.17 W at P100 and MFO respectively), pointing to metabolic inflexibility in older women despite being active. Notwithstanding, the negative correlation between age and MFO (r=-0.54, p=0.04; R2=0.29) disappeared when normalized with P100 (r=-0.17, p=0.53), which was in turn strongly and negatively associated to age (r=-0.85, p<0.005; R2=0.72). P100 was also positive and moderately associated to MFO (r=0.71, p=0.01; R2=0.50). Conclusions Despite the inflexibility with age, physical status (i.e., larger muscular power) suggest a key role in the preservation of the metabolic health with aging in active women.