One of the key tasks for the world community is the development of energy, which is one of the fundamental components of the economy. However, one cannot deny the fact that energy is the main factor in environmental pollution, which leads to the constant search for such types of energy sources that would have a positive impact on the economic development of territories and favourably affect the environment, alternative sources to traditional ones. Currently, there is an energy transformation, the main condition of which is the development of alternative energy technologies. One of the prospects for the economic and environmental development of the territories is the efficient use of renewable energy sources, which are becoming increasingly important in the world community and the global energy balance, and are becoming a substitute resource for traditional fossil energy resources. The article aims to analyse the economic and environmental aspects of the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and identify the main prospects. In the framework of the study, the concept of renewable energy sources, their main types are defined, the opinion of various authors regarding the development of renewable energy sources is described, the main directions aimed at stimulating the development of renewable energy are considered. The development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan in comparison with other countries (USA, China, Germany, Russia) is considered, the main problems are identified, the prospects for the development of renewable energy are also considered. The prospects for further research are determined by the subsequent study of the development of renewable energy sources, taking into account economic and environmental aspects. The article is of practical value in the framework of generalising data on the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and foreign countries.

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned upon the fact that currently the main direction of global energy development is already clearly visible: under the influence of changes in energy policy and the development of new technologies, the world is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources and displacement of fossil fuels. The development of Kazakhstan's economy requires the transition of energy towards clean and safe renewable sources, which will let the country build a new strong economy and break out of the long-running socio-economic decline, help the international community solve the problem of climate change and improve the safety and welfare of its citizens. The purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations for the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry at a new stage in the fundamental transformation of the global energy system. Leading approach to researching the problem. The leading methods of researching the problems of the paper include the analysis of theoretical sources, analysis of statistics, and comparison. Analysis of statistical indicators plays a crucial role in the study, since data on the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry can be directly obtained from statistical databases. The results of the study. The paper discusses the essence of the fourth energy transition, its main aspects, explores renewable energy sources, identifies the features and problems of Kazakhstan's energy industry, and develops ways to solve them. Prospects for further research. To implement the modern provisions of the fourth energy transition in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to use a systematic approach. The basic elements of such a transition are the introduction of renewable energy and energy efficiency (the intensification of reducing the energy intensity of goods and services). The materials of the paper are of practical value for the development of Kazakhstan’s energy during the period of fundamental structural transformations of the world energy sector.

The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of the country’s competitiveness based on certain data as an indicator of the well-being of citizens, and acts as a guarantor of economic security and contributes to the growth of the national economy. Being a part of the global economy is relevant and important for a state and it requires new research on this issue. The authors in the article consider the relationship between the processes of the country’s competitiveness and economic growth, which determine the need for a comprehensive analysis of possible options for implementing the competitiveness strategy. The competitiveness of the economy is impossible without its openness and integration into the global economic system. Strengthening the integration processes will ensure unhindered access of Kazakhstani goods and services to the markets of other countries and expand their sales markets. Thereby it will help to increase competition. The problem of competitiveness is directly related to the theory of international trade, since the interaction of a country with other states in world markets is considered, and with the theory of the spatial organization of productive forces, in view of the fact that industry is the main object of empirical research of competition processes.The necessary increase in the role of geography in the study of current processes in the world economy under the influence of the globalization process is also explained by the differentiation of the rates ofdevelopment not only between groups of independent states, but also within most individual countries. The article uses the following methods: analysis and synthesis, systematic approach.