Extraction of essential oils from medicinal plants is as old as human history. Moreover, more than 500 plants are used to extract essential oils however; their composition and percentage yield depends on various factors mainly type of plant, type of organ (leaf, fruit, flowers, stem, roots, and seeds), geographical distribution of specie, weather conditions and methods used for their extraction. Different conventional methods such as super critical fluid extraction, hydro distillation, steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction and advance method such as solvent free microwave extraction are in practice for extraction of essential oils. To find the constituent composition varied chromatographic techniques are in practice that reports presence of phenols, flavonoids, aldehydes, terpenes, phenolics, esters, ketones, alcoholics and various other antimicrobial compounds in them. The essential oils showed wide range of antimicrobial activities against bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic strains. Furthermore, extracted oils are used as food additives, in cosmetics and for different pharmaceutical/medicinal purposes such as minor burns, skin cuts, acne, to resolve respiratory problems, skin allergies, promote relaxation and sleep. The main advantage of essential oils is the susceptibility of MRS (Multiple Resistant Strains) to these oils due to the presence of phenolic compounds in them. S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella, candida albicansand many other food borne pathogens are found to be inhibited by activity of essential oils. In this paper composition, uses and antimicrobial activities of Basil (tulsi), Peppermint (podina) Callistemons (bottle brushes) and various other plant species are reviewed.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be a standard sickness allopathic treatment with numerous antibiotics might additionally purpose facet effects. The microorganism causing contamination can broaden resistance to, the prevailing antibiotics that are prescribed if the drugs are hired for an extended time. Those issues have caused countless exploration of varied modes of remedy and exchange treatment plans. Herbs have a symbolic record and proven to be very powerful in stopping and treating tract infections.

Oral cavity is the main part of the digestive system which is used for the uptake of nutrients/food while microbes can also enter through the oral cavity along the uptake of food. It is seen that the composition of host saliva is very important to build the environment of the oral cavity. When the pH ofsaliva became low then the chances of microbial attacks and their adherence to the surface of teeth to form lesion increases. A complete microbial ecosystem is present in oral cavity and biofilms are produced by the microbes of normal flora to protect host from pathogenic microbes. Most of the microbes that enter oralcavity have ability to cause disease, they incorporates themselves into the normal flora and alter the biofilm community and induce autoimmunity and inflammation into the host. The personnel and materials also play crucial role in activation and inhibition of caries and lesions. Phages are gaining interest in the field of microbiology as they are less toxic and host specific for their action. Dental caries are the indication of chronic infections inside the body. By examine the oral cavity of an individual we can analyze the health status of that individual. Diseases can be controlled through better living conditions and oral hygiene, as much of the developed countries has lower risk of getting caries where as in under-developed and developing countries have greater chance to get the risk.