This study assessed the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using XP‐endo shaper and the supplemental use of XP‐endo finisher comparing the use of traditional endodontic access or conservative endodontic access cavities and liquid or gel‐based formulations of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or distilled water as supplemental agents. Maxillary first premolar teeth (N = 148) were randomly divided based on their access cavity design and sub‐grouped according to the supplemental agent used. The amount of extruded debris was analysed based on the dry weight of the debris collected using a previously established laboratory methodology. Debris extrusion occurred in all groups. Overall, the traditional endodontic access cavity design was associated with more debris extrusion compared to the conservative type. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution showed higher debris extrusion than the gel, whilst distilled water had intermediate values.