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Mass gathering in places such as shopping mall, concerts, sport events etc. is a necessity but may pose threat to the occupants during emergency. This paper presents a review of the different approaches of the crowd evacuation problems which can be classified into classical and modern methods. The classical methods have been widely used which basically depends on prior evacuation warnings or human in assisting an emergent evacuation scenario. Nonetheless, with the lack of important information such as the location of the safest exit, the consequence can be catastrophic. As a result, classical evacuation method becomes tough even though many people might able to assist the evacuees during such situation. Overcoming this, researchers have developed intelligent robots-assisted evacuation systems as a modern approach to manage crowds more systematically and simultaneously during emergency, which will be reviewed in this paper. Finally, this review paper aims to give a broad scope of the reliable evacuation system management to ensure the safety of the evacuees during emergency evacuation.

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Abstract-The tsunami of 26 December 2004 was one of the most devastating tragedy ever occurred to men in the history of human civilization. Approximately 250,000 lives perished, millions injured and suffered, while the destruction of property loss of opportunities cannot be accurately estimated. The impact of the tsunami on environmental destruction shows that damage was inflicted on natural resources such as coral reefs, mangroves, sand dunes and other coastal ecosystem that acted as wave defense barriers. Moreover, inlands, wetlands and agricultural land were salinated and natural resources for livelihood and for source of income were badly affected, especially for coastal communities who were involve in fisheries. The situation worsened as basic facilities were also destroyed. As such, this research focuses on assessing and identifying on how the impacts of the tsunami on the infrastructure and environmental resources affected the community well-being inKuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia. This study focuses on the impacts of tsunami on the affected community well-being in the coastal zone on the basis of available primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included questionnaires, interviews and observations while the secondary resources included books, government and international reports, scientific journals, maps and articles that highlighted tsunami related issues. The study tries to seek for both qualitative and quantitative impacts and also tries to find out some solutions that would help to minimize the impact of the tsunami on the community well-being. The information gained from this study can be used to help the community as well as the agencies involve in order to minimize the impacts of the tsunami on the community and develop a more effective mitigation measures for other environmental disasters such as tsunami. Besides, the research may help to create awareness on the community to be prepared in facing disastrous situation such as the tsunami. Through community preparedness, the impact can be minimized and reduced. As for the authority, this research may be of great assistance by allowing them to make better decision.

Industry 4.0 is a future agenda. Currently, Industry 4.0 has paved the way in many industries around the world. Many initiatives have been put forward and assessed to ensure Industry 4.0 is becoming a reality. Although widely discussed in the both academic literatures and industrial publications, Industry 4.0 is encapsulated with many terms since it’s inception. Some of the terms are not self-explained and often overlapped or even contradicted with similar terms in different perspectives. To demystify the issue, this paper begins with a brief overview of Industry 4.0 background including its importance and readiness. It reviews not only the technological concept with the support of nine pillars of prominent technologies, but also including the human resources as the driver behind the Industry 4.0. Dedicated section on how simulations can contribute to Industry 4.0 in ways where simulation applications can be combined with each Industry 4.0 pillars, including human resources are also presented. This paper is written in general view of Industry 4.0 so that it is easier to relate with not only with manufacturing sectors (which where Industry 4.0 was originally intended for) but also with other sectors.