Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is generally known as kurchi in Hindi. It is a small deciduous tree found in arid woods throughout the world including India. H. Antidysenterica is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat Inflammatory Bowel disease, dysentery, diarrhoea and worms in the intestines.  Plant parts like bark are useful in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, boils, and ulcers. The Phytoconstituents   found in the plant ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and triterpenoids. Anti-amnesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal, antioxidant/free radical activity ,  radical scavenging, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anthelmintic and anti-microbial effects are found as pharmacological properties of Holarrhena  antidysenterica. H. antidysenterica bark contains alkaloids the most important of which is the steroidal alkaloid conessine which is the major therapeutic constituent. Conarrhimine, Conimine, Conamine, Conessidine, Isoconessimine, Dimethyl Conkurchine and Holarrhimine are among the various alkaloids studied. The bark also includes gum, resin, tannin, lupeol and the digitenol glycoside Holadysone in addition to alkaloids. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used to treat malaria, chest infections, asthma, bronchopneumonia, stomach disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery. Keywords: HA- Holarrhena antidysenterica, IBD- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Collitus

Galantamine, like nor-belladine, is a benzazepine. Galanthus and other plants of the Amaryllidaceae are the most common sources of it. Galantamine is used to combat the muscle effects of gallamine triethiodide and tubocurarine by acting as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The review reveals the protective effects of galantamine on the functions and integrity of the liver, brain and memory impairment. Various independent studies have shown anti-Alzheimer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and neuroprotective effect of galantamine. The current review highlights current knowledge and the health-promoting effects of a drug known as galantamine. This review summarizes the current state in the pharmacology of galantamine, focusing on its effects on tolerance, dosage, drug interactions and pharmacological studies in animal models. Keywords: Galantamine, Pharmacology, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Neuroprotective, Protective effect.

Moronic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid made up of olean-18-ene with an oxo group at position 3 and a carboxy group at position 28. It's made from an oleanane hydride. A few investigations have demonstrated that Moronic acid a wide scope of pharmacological effects such as Antidiabetic activity, Anti-AIDS agents, Chemotherapeutic agents, Virus lytic, Anti-HIV, Cytotoxic activity, Anti-herpes, Antimicrobial activity, Ribosome-loaded mRNAs.

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Aim: To improve the learning environment of medical institutions, this study was conducted to estimate the undergraduate medical student’s perception of the academic learning environment at their institutions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, survey-based, multi-centric study among undergraduate medical students from three different medical colleges in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The data was collected with an online survey including socio-demographic questions and the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory. Results: A total of 283 medical students participated. The total Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory score was 125.22, whereas in 5 domains of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory were students’ perception of learning with a score of 29.18, students’ perception of teachers with a score of 27.18, students’ academic self-perception with a score of 19.11, students’ perception of atmosphere with a score of 30.25, and students’ social self-perception with a score of 18.87 respectively. Conclusion: The mean total Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory score was 125.22 indicative of "a more positive than negative perception". This indicates there is potential scope for excellence in the learning environment by medical institutions through regular evaluation and corrections. Keywords: medical education, medical students, learning, environment, inventories