Abstract-Nowadays, more and more students all over the world need expert systems, especially in academic sectors. They need advice in order to be successful in their studies, and this advice must be provided by the academic management. There are two reasoning strategies in expert system, which have become the major practical application of artificial intelligence research: forward chaining and backward chaining. The first one starts from the available facts and attempts to draw conclusions about the goal. The second strategy starts from expectations of what the goal is, and then attempts to find evidence to support these hypotheses. The aim of this paper is to make a comparative study to identify which reasoning strategy system (forward chaining or backward chaining) is more applicable when making evaluations in expert management, especially in the academic field.Index Terms-Artificial intelligence, expert system, forward and backward chaining, state space.

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<p class="0abstract">Recently, the utilization of IT in the Higher Education institutions has expanded, thus e-Learning must to turn out to be completely embedded into e-Learning and showing practice rather than the traditional approaches to e-Learning. However, this development inside e-Learning frameworks isn't yet completely realized, and the most significant difficulties to this objective are holding students inside instruction and attracting them to take part in Higher Education. One of the methodologies that have been taken to address these difficulties is to utilize the Web services approach to encourage working and participation between Higher Education institutions. Taking account that XML documents are the most commonly applied and successful type of Web services. Being PHP is the best choice for web developers, especially for Web services. This paper will present the proposed approach which aims to expand the current architecture of Web services to meet the technical requirements of the e-Learning framework. It will give an outline of certain strategies that help designers to create SOAP with PHP language. It will portray how to expand PHP Sakai and Moodle to help Web services by utilizing the PHP SOAP method. Besides, it will delineate that this utilization of Web services is a direct advancement of Web programming models, and it will exhibit how PHP can be utilized as a fast and easy development tool for creating them. The spotlight of this paper is to research the expansion of Web services to support PHP Sakai and Moodle by utilizing the PHP SOAP strategy.</p>

Web services are the next step in the growth of the Internet and permit active objects to be located on Websites providing distributed services to potential clients. The main advantage of Web services is that provides interoperating between different software applications and computer programming language running on a variety platforms. The high computer programming language uses by students, teachers and professionals have designed and upgraded rapidly by the developers and Interest Company. This paper focuses on the principle of the differentiation of computer programming languages by compare their criteria's and features. The main purpose of this paper is to study, analyze, explore, compare and discuss the issues and measurements of these languages which nowadays have been a powerful means to assist human beings in many applications. This paper presents a view of the capabilities of each of language, and should help those trying to understand their technical similarities, differences, and capabilities.