One of the biggest risks that need to be considered before any construction operation such as road construction or construction is to determine the exact location of subsidence and predict the places with the potential to cause these complications.There are various methods for identifying and predicting the occurrence of these phenomena. In this article, hierarchical analysis methods (AHP and FAHP) and programming in MATLAB environment with the help of Evalfis function to study and map these hazards in the southwest of Iran has acted as a case study.Studies of lithological layers, slope, distance from fault and distance from waterway in both methods express very good and significant results in predicting this type of hazards.According to these results, the most hazards occur in places that have evaporitic lithology and have the shortest distance from waterways and faults with a slope between 20 to 70 degrees.The output of these studies is to provide a map of subsidence (sinkhole) hazards for the first time by integrating the stated methods with operational accuracy above 90% and introducing a very useful software in MATLAB program for experts.
It aims to examine the impact of nano and non-nano fertilizers on rice quality and productivity. Rice is a staple food crop for a large portion of the global population, the use of fertilizers is essential for optimizing yields and maintaining food security. The emergence of nano-fertilizers presents new opportunities for enhancing nutrient use efficiency, plant growth, and rice quality. However, limitations in existing research, such as the lack of comparative studies and methodological inconsistencies, make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the relative merits of nano and non-nano fertilizers. The implementation of nano-fertilizers faces challenges related to cost, accessibility, regulatory frameworks, and public perception. Future research should focus on long-term field studies, investigating potential risks and benefits, and developing sustainable and cost-effective formulations. By addressing these challenges and knowledge gaps, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts of nano and non-nano fertilizers on rice cultivation and contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
Natural resources provide a range of interrelated environmental functions and socioeconomic benefits, which support a variety of livelihood strategies for different stakeholders of the local community. Banni Grasslands Reserve form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem, located in northern part of Kachchh district. This area is known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and is spread across an area of 2,617 square kilometers. Different types of flora and fauna species present in this region. It‟s a very important to observe & monitoring this region applying advanced technology such as Geographical Information Science with various remotely sensed data. With respect to Banni region, soils are moderate to strongly saline and are subject to flooding/inundation. Due to this inundation factor there is variation of vegetation also. The invasion species as Prosopis juliflora has taken a significant role for damaging the ecosystem through deceasing the grass areas. This region is totally dependent on livestock farming. This region has the Pastoralist community and they are locally called Maldhari who has camels, sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes. Besides these natural resources; long coast line is also
contributing major portions in district economies. The natural resource map has been prepared with the advance Remote sensing technology for the Pastoral community to find out suitable vegetation for their grazing animals. Increasing of grazing pressure is also a major problem to this region. So, using of space technology in this region will be a great achievement for the development of pastoral community as well as its ecosystem conservation plan also. Key words: Natural Resources, Maldhari, conservation, Participatory, GPS.
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