To study the effect of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri on animal model of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in rats by injecting Streptozotocin (60mg/kg) intraperitonealy. Blood glucose was measured on day 3 by GOD-POD method. Rats having fasting blood glucose >250 mg/dl were further selected for study. Four groups were created i.e. Control, Control+Streptozotocin, Streptozotocin+ Metformin(75mg/kg) and Streptozotocin+ extract of P. niruri (250mg/kg). Each group was consisting of 6 rats of either sex. Metformin and experimentalextract were administered for 21 days. Blood Glucose was measured on day 7 and 21. Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Leptin level were also measure by commercially available kit. Anti-oxidant potential was assessed by estimating extent of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) by Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH) in four different tissues i.e. Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, Muscle on day 21. Unpaired and paired student’s t-test were applied for statistical analysis using SPSS Software. The extract of P. niruri showed significant decrease in blood glucose level on day 21 (p-0.04). The treatment didn’t show significant lowering of Leptin and Cholesterol level however Triglyceride level was significantly reduced (p-0.05). The treatment group showed improvement in oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH and decreasing LPO and NO activity. The study showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of methanolic extract of P.niruri.

The signature splitting and signature inversion in rotational bands belonging to configurations in even-even deformed 132,134,136Ce nuclei have been studied. These Ce isotopes are interesting candidates to probe for signature of triaxiality. The energy staggering index S(I) is found nearly constant for band 4 and 5 132Ce. similarly, S(I) is also found nearly constant as a function of spin 134 Ce. The observed signature splitting in these two nuclei does not support low K (projection on symmetry axis) value for these bands on the other hand, high K value is not expected for  and / orbitals at Z=58. Hence, this low and constant signature splitting is only possible due to triaxiality. However, in 136Ce favored and unfavored partner bands (B1 and B2) Shows normal signature splitting and indicate axially symmetric shape for 136Ce.

Background: This study was conducted to know the students’ views regarding the personal drug (P-drug) concept in the rational prescription of drugs and also to give them training on creating and using personal drug concepts. Methods: The 60 medical students (5th semester) divided into four groups were involved voluntarily three-phase, questionnaire-based, and prospective study. In the first and second phases, students were taught and asked to derive P-drug using different standard textbooks and CIMS by analyzing the efficacy, safety, cost, and convenience of drugs used for stable angina pectoris. The third phase was designed to know the student’s perceptions regarding the exercise and difficulties faced in the process of P-drug selection. It contained demographic and 12 questions with the answer using the Likert scale.Results: Students selected tab. isosorbide dinitrate sublingual as a P-drug in terms of efficacy, safety, cost, and convenience. The 96.6% (58 out of 60) responded to the questionnaire. The overall median score was 2 and interquartile range was 2-5 (IQR 2-5). The majority (73% or 44) of students were in favour of introducing the process of selection of P-drug in the undergraduate pharmacology curriculum.Conclusions: The P-drug selection exercise helped students to understand the differences among various drugs used for the treatment of stable angina pectoris and gave them a strong foundation for developing rational use of the medicine in their future careers as a doctor.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. Initial management includes use of many anti- anginal drugs. If angina pectoris not managed adequately results in significant morbidity and mortality too due to the complications. Anti-anginal drugs are used for lifelong. Therefore, analysis of the price of different drugs used in ischemic heart disease will help to improve patient compliance. Objective: (1) To assess the cost variation of different drugs available as antianginal agents in India. (2) To assess the cost ratio and percentage price variation of different formulations. Method: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drugs given in Indian rupees (INR) was noted by using ‘Drug Today’ (Oct 2022 – Jan 2023, volume II). The cost range, cost ratio, and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands were calculated. The cost of tablets/capsule was calculated, and the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared. Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brand of anti-anginal drugs, tab Diltiazem (60 mg) had a maximum percentage cost variation of 459.76% and a cost ratio of 5.59 while tab GTN (6.4 mg) had a minimum percentage cost variation of 76.19% and cost ratio of 1.76. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the price of different brands ofanti-anginal drugs available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugsshould be aware of these variations to reduce the financial burden of drugtherapy and improve compliance.