Цель исследования: оценить липидный спектр мембран мононуклеаров периферической крови у больных туберкулезом легких до и после интенсивной фазы химиотерапии, в том числе под влиянием препарата глицирризиновой кислоты (ГК)� Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 384 больных туберкулезом легких обоих полов в возрасте от 25 до 60 лет: 308 пациентов получили интенсивную фазу химиотерапии по первому режиму, 76-интенсивную фазу химиотерапии по первому режиму и курс препарата ГК� В группу контроля включено 36 здоровых добровольцев в возрасте от 24 до 58 лет� Определяли липидный спектр мембран мононуклеаров, полученных из периферической крови пациентов� Фракционирование фосфолипидов на классы выполняли посредством проточной тонкослойной хроматографии� Изучали следующие фракции: суммарные лизофосфолипиды, сфингомиелин, фосфатидилинозитол, фосфатидилхолин, фосфатидилсерин, фосфатидилэтаноламин� Результаты. У больных туберкулезом легких до начала химиотерапии зафиксировано изменение соотношения основных классов фосфолипидов мембран мононуклеаров периферической крови по сравнению со здоровыми лицами� Химиотерапия приводила к накоплению мембранодеструктивных лизофосфолипидов при одновременном снижении уровня фосфатидилхолина� Применение препарата ГК у пациентов позволило уменьшить (p < 0,05) негативное влияние химиотерапии на липидные мембраны мононуклеаров и нормализовать соотношение основных фракций фосфолипидов мембран (p < 0,05)� При химиотерапии с курсом препарата ГК увеличилась с 61 до 73% (p < 0,05) частота абациллирования мокроты к 2-месячному сроку интенсивной фазы химиотерапии� Ключевые слова: липидный спектр мембран, мононуклеары, глицирризиновая кислота, туберкулез Для цитирования: Рясенский Д� С�, Асеев А� В�, Эльгали А� И� Влияние глицирризиновой кислоты на состояние мембранных структур мононуклеаров у больных туберкулезом легких на фоне противотуберкулезной химиотерапии // Туберкулёз и болезни лёгких�-2018�-Т� 96, № 10�-С� 35-40�
In 2018 key changes were made to the recommended treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, the priority of oral medications over injectables was indicated. For the first time in history, a new, completely oral 20-month treatment regimen was proposed. The regimen recommends bedaquiline and linezolid together with levofloxacin / moxifloxacin, cycloserine / clofazimine. This treatment regimen differs from the standard 4 MDR-TB chemotherapy regimens adopted in Russia. Until recently, bedaquiline and linezolid were relatively unobtainable in the conditions of tuberculosis dispensaries, patients who needed such treatment were referred to specialized Federal tuberculosis facilities. The aim of the study was to study the long-term results of treatment of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in cases of the ineffectiveness of previous therapy in an antituberculosis dispensary and referral to a specialized Federal tuberculosis institution. In 2010-2014, 143 people of both sexes in the age group from 20 to 60 years old were treated in the Tver Regional Clinical Antituberculosis Dispensary. Individual conversations, organizing communication with other patients who received effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, watching the training video “Tuberculosis: Questions and Answers”, studying the materials of the brochure “School of the Patient. A brochure for patients suffering from tuberculosis” developed by the charitable organization “Partners in the name of health” was used in the process of increasing adherence to treatment. When carrying out measures to increase adherence to treatment among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a positive result was obtained in 143 people. These patients agreed to possible surgical intervention in the Federal Tuberculosis Institution. Immediately after the surgical stage of treatment, cavity closure and/or abacillation were achieved in 132 (92.3%) people. In the postoperative period anti-tuberculosis therapy was continued in accordance with the drug-resistant pathogen, the discipline of patients in receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs increased significantly.
The evaluation of the lipid spectrum of the blood plasma and immunocyte membranes is important for timely diagnostic and correction of pathological changes revealed at the cytochemical level. The identification of lipid fractions using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allows for separate detection of minor fractions of lysophospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine). The study was performed using a photometric sensor and reverse-phase column C18. The following fractions were obtained: lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine. The ratio of these fractions is a sensitive marker of pathological shifts in the lipid spectrum both in the blood plasma and immunocyte membranes
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