Background: This study was conducted on patients to compare efficacy in terms of motor and sensory blockade and prolonged time of analgesia between spinal and combined spinal epidural methods of anesthesia.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 60 adult patients of either sex belonging to ASA grade I and II, from June 2014 to June 2016 at Maharishi Markendeshwar institute of medical sciences and research, Mullana in the department of anesthesia.Results: The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each as defined in text, by a computer-generated number. Proper statistical methods were applied and results obtained. results were statistically significant p<0.05.Conclusions: The Combined spinal epidural technique has been described in the medical literature for use in general surgery, orthopedics, trauma surgery of a lower limb, and urological and gynecological surgery. With this technique, surgical anesthesia is established rapidly, saving 15-20 minutes compared with epidural anesthesia. Patients who received the combined technique had more intense motor blockade than those who received epidural anesthesia alone.

Background: Internal rectal prolapse probably represents the first stage of a progressive anomaly that eventually leads to full thickness external prolapse. Non-surgical treatment modalities like dietary advice and feedback therapy should be used before doing any surgical intervention in such cases. This study focuses on clinical features, pathological outcomes and treatment modalities of internal rectal prolapse.Methods: The study is a combined prospective (from Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2020) and retrospective (from Aug. 2015 to Aug. 2018) conducted at Sher-I-Kashmir institute of medical sciences, Soura, SrinagarResults: A total of 79 patients were studied out of which 39 were retrospective and 40 were prospective. Internal rectal prolapse is usually missed by surgeons as a cause of obstructed defecation syndrome. So, it was worthwhile to study this entity in our patients.Conclusions: Before choosing any treatment strategy for internal rectal prolapse, conservative trial with dietary modification and feedback therapy should be attempted.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of shivering and likely associated risk factors following spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries.Methods: The present study was conducted in MMIMSR, Department of anaesthesia from December 2016 to September 2018. It was an observational study which was conducted over a period of 2 years. Patients who were scheduled to undergo elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were included in study.Results: The present study depicts a high incidence of post spinal shivering, which was 42.8%. Majority of the patients belonged to the young age group between 20-30 years. The mean time of onset of shivering, was around 25 mins. Duration of shivering was observed between 15-75 minutess with a mean of 43.75 and SD±19.39.Conclusions: Shivering is one of the distressing complications of spinal block, which may be deleterious to the patients with poor cardio-respiratory reserve.

Background: The main aim of our study is to demonstrate comparative evaluation of oxacillin disc diffusion (ODD), oxacillin screen agar (OSA), CHROM agar (CA) with cefoxitin disc diffusion (CDD) method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained from various clinical samples.Methods: This prospective study was conducted to detect Methicillin resistance among staphylococcus aureus by four phenotypic methods isolated from various clinical samples received in the Department of microbiology MMIMSR, Mullana.Results: The data was statistically analyzed, compiled in form of tables, graphs, percentage and test of significance will also be done wherever necessary (using Microsoft Excel, 2008 version) CDD+ODD+OSA+CA proved to be 100% followed by ODD+OSA+CA and CDD+OSA+CA 82.07% and CDD+ODD+OSA 80.1%.Conclusions: Combined phenotypic methods are better in evaluating and studying MRSA infections in hospitals as compared to tests done in isolation for proper diagnosis and timely treatment of infections.

Introduction: Lung cancer was considered to be rare at the beginning of the 20 th century, but it has now reached almost epidemic proportions. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries and is also rising at alarming rates in developing countries.Aim: The aim of our study is to establish an effect on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after surgery in lung cancer patients.Methods: This was a prospective study. For the estimation of VEGF, 50 lung cancer patients were studied. Both preoperative and postoperative levels of VEGF were estimated for all subjects. Blood samples were obtained from all cases both preoperatively and postoperatively (four weeks after surgery). Blood samples of 100 age and sex matched healthy controls were collected from the Outpatient Departments of SKIMS to establish normal serum VEGF levels. Conclusion:Our findings show that serum VEGF levels are higher as the tumor stage progresses and tumor size increases, which explains the lower serum VEGF levels observed by us in the operable patient group.