Zingiber officinale (also called ginger) is commonly used for traditional treatment of various diseases and for culinary purposes. This plant species is a herbaceous and develops yearly pseudostems around one meter tall bearing limited leaf cutting edges. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites is an emerging area of research and exploration in the field of material science for their unique size and shape and have reliant features that are different from the regular bulk structure. The aim of the present study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles using dried ginger and evaluate their cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp. The nanoparticles were synthesized using dried ginger and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity assessment was carried out using brine shrimp lethality assay. The iron nanoparticles did not show any cytotoxicity to the brine shrimp. This eco-friendly synthesis of iron nanoparticles from dried ginger has proved to be convenient, inexpensive and can be safely used in wide range of medicine and dental fields.

The circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that produces physical, psychological and behavioural changes in a living organism, and it follows a daily cycle. This cycle depends on the response of the organism to light and darkness in the environment. The aim of the study was to analyse and evaluate the influence of circadian rhythm on individual differences in morningness-eveningness attitude among the normal healthy subjects. Morningness eveningness questionnaire is a standard tool to assess sleep, wakefulness alertness, self-awareness and best time activity of the individual either in the morning time or evening time. This questionnaire was self-administered, and it consisted of 10 questions and was circulated via google forms. The results revealed that a majority of 85% of the participants are evening types of persons and the significance level was a p-value < 0.05 of the chi-square test. The present study assessed the influence of the circadian rhythm on the morningness-eveningness scale, and results revealed that most of the participants were alarm dependant, had difficulty in waking up. They were very active in the evening and went to bed very late. So, the study concluded that the majority of participants were evening type of person.

Introduction: The bacteria present in dental plaque are the main cause of caries, gum disease, and periodontal disease. Regular brushing will remove plaque build up and maintain the oral health. An ultrasonic toothbrush is an electric toothbrush which is designed for daily home use which operates by generating ultrasound waves to help in removing plaque and rendering plaque bacteria harmless. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of sonic toothbrush in reducing the plaque pathogens in comparison with the normal brushing. Materials and Methods: Volunteers who use sonic toothbrushes were selected as a study population. The swab samples were collected before and after brushing. The collected swabs were inoculated on BHI agar and the total CFU count was checked. Results and Discussion: The percentage reduction in case of ultrasonic toothbrush was more (86.82%) when compared to the manual brushing making it efficient in reducing plaque pathogens. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the ultrasonic or the sonic toothbrush is efficient on plaque pathogens on the tooth surface.

X-rays are electromagnetic waves produced by an X-ray machine and are used to observe the internal structures of patients. The X-rays pass through the body before being detected by the detector file or a digital detector behind the patient. To analyze the knowledge, awareness, and practice on conventional radiographic method and processing among the dental students. A well-framed questionnaire consisting of 10 questions were prepared and distributed among 100 dental professionals and students through the online Google forms link. The data were collected, tabulated in Excel sheets, and analyzed using the SPSS software. The Chi-square test was used to assess the P value. Sixty-five percentage of the participants are aware of conventional radiographic methods and 35% are not aware. The Chi-square test was done giving a P = 0.001 (<0.05), which is statistically significant. The dental students as compared to the other specialties have adequate and efficient knowledge and are aware of the conventional radiographic methods and its processing.

Introduction: Intracoronal bleaching is a simple, useful procedure for restoring the colour of discoloured root - filled teeth that are not extensively restored. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception on intracoronal bleaching among undergraduate dental students. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among 100 undergraduate dental students through a self administered questionnaire. The responses were collected, tabulated in excel sheets and analysed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used to analyze the level of knowledge on intracoronal bleaching among dental students in different years of study with statistical significance of P< 0.05. Results: The 4th year undergraduate dental students had high knowledge on intracoronal bleaching compared to others. 60.3 % of the participants were aware of the intracoronal bleaching with the p value of 0.002, which is statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that the undergraduate dental students have a good knowledge and awareness on intracoronal bleaching and its techniques.