Progressive fibrosis, assessed by sequential biopsies, was significantly correlated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who had achieved a sustained virological response for hepatitis C virus.

Measurement of AFP-L3% after treatment may be useful for understanding prognosis and recurrence of HCC.

Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography is an acceptable method for predicting the severity of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus and a sustained viral response.

Two cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta are presented. The aneurysms were successfully clipped in the acute stage prior to correction of the coarctation. Ruptured aneurysm should be treated as early as possible, and unruptured aneurysm should also be treated before aortic repair, if the general condition of the patient allows.

Low-pressure EPBD in combination with isosorbide dinitrate enabled preservation of papillary functions by 70%, which would improve a long-term prognosis.