In this study, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvumDNA were investigated using real-time multiplex PCR detection kit in the urine samples of 50 patients who presented to the infertility polyclinic. Patients were classified into two groups in accordance with the WHO leucocytospermia criteria as over 1 × 10 /ml (n = 25) and below 1 × 10 /ml (controls; n = 25). In addition, the semen sample results of the patients were evaluated. The mean leucocyte count in the leucocytospermia group was detected as 3.4 × 10 /ml. Agent positivity was found in 12 of 25 patients in the leucocytospermia group (U. parvum 10, U. urealyticum 3, M. hominis 3) and 9 of 25 patients in the control group (U. parvum 7, U. urealyticum 2, M. hominis 1). A chi-square test evaluation revealed no statistically significant difference between groups. (p = 0.390). The statistical evaluation using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests revealed no statistically significant negative effect of agent positivity on semen analysis parameters in either group (p > 0.05). Although no significant difference was detected between the groups, this study provides data about the prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in patients presenting to the infertility polyclinic.
Giriş: Blastocystis spp. neden olduğu klinik semptomlar nedeniyle günümüzde önem kazanan enterik bir protozoondur. Prevalansı dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde değişmekle birlikte gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha sık görüldüğü bildirilmektedir. Bugüne kadar insanlarda 9 Blastocystis spp. alt tipi saptanmıştır ve bu lerin farklı klinik semptomlar ile ilişkili olabileceği öne sürülmüştür.Gereç Yöntem: Bu çalışmada formol-etil asetat yöntemi ile Blastocystis spp. varlığı saptanan 50 semptomatik hastadan elde edilen izolatlarının iki farklı besiyerinde kültürleri yapılmış, bu izolatların alt tip dağılımı sekanslama yöntemi ile belirlenmiş, alt tipler ile klinik bulgular arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Örneklerden 40 (%80)'ı her iki besiyerinde de üremiş, 5 (%10)'i iki besiyerinde de ürememiş, 5 (%10) örnek ise iki besiyerinden sadece birinde üremiştir. 39 (%78) örnekte tek bir alt tip saptanırken, 11 (%22) örnekte birden fazla alt tip varlığı saptanmıştır. Örnekler arasında en sık ST3 saptanırken bunu sırasıyla ST1, ST5, ST2 ve ST4 takip etmiştir. Karın ağrısı 23 (%46) hastada olmak üzere en sık rastlanan klinik semptom olup, allerjik semptomlar ise 17 (%34) hastada gözlenmiştir. Bunun dışında hastalarda çeşitli gastrointestinal semptomlar ve eklem ağrısı varlığı da gözlenmiştir. Klinik semptomlar ile alt tipler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanamamıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, gastrointestinal ve allerjik semptomları olan hastalarda ST3 alt tipi en sık saptanmıştır. Ayrıca her ne kadar az sayıda olgu bildirilmiş olsa da bir hastada eklem ağrısı saptanmış olması Blastocystis spp.'nin artrit ile ilişkisi olabileceğini ve klinisyenler tarafından göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Her ne kadar çalışmamızda klinik bulgular ile alt tipler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamış olsa da Blastocystis spp. alt tiplerinin, klinik bulgularla ilişkilerinin anlaşılması için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Blastocystis spp., alt tip, klinik belirtilerIntroduction: Blastocystis spp. is an enteric protozoon that has grown in importance with recent knowledge of the symptoms, disorders it may cause. Its prevalence varies in different countries, but it is most frequently detected in developing countries. Nine subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis spp. have been detected in humans and it is suggested that these subtypes can be related to its varying clinical symptoms.
Objective: Blastocystis spp; is a protozoon that can be seen worldwide. Fecal-oral transmission is the most accepted pathway for Blastocystis spp. infection. Most infected patients show no symptoms of infection, however it can cause abdominal pain, acute or chronic diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence and nausea. It is suggested that Blastocystis spp. may cause several pathologies in gut causing an inflammatory response that may lead to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Materials and Methods: Our study included 60 IBH patients diagnosed as ulcerative colitis (30) and Crohn's Disease (30) in Division of Gastroenterology and 40 healty controls with no gastrointestinal disease. Stool samples of all patients were examined for presence of any parasites. Presenceof Blastocystis spp. was evaluated with microscopy, culture with two different media, ELISA and PCR methods. For subtype analyses sequencing was performed. Results: Blastocystis spp. was detected in 6 (10%) IBD patients, 2 (5%) in controls. Blastocystis spp. antigen detected in 12 (20%) IBD patients and 3 (7.5%) in controls. Blastocystis spp. DNA was detected in 8 (13.3%) IBD patients and 6 (15%) controls. No statistical significance was detected between IBD patients and control group in terms of Blastocystis spp positivity. ST3 was the predominant subtype and abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom. Conclusion: These results suggested that using two different media increases the sensitivity. PCR was the most sensitive method. ELISA results showed high sensitivity and specificity, suggested that ELISA method could be an
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