A 78-year-old man presented with cutaneous blisters of the limbs and abdominal distension. He had been treated for various diseases, including liver cirrhosis. He had begun receiving sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, for diabetes mellitus three years before the hospitalization. A skin biopsy demonstrated bullous pemphigoid. Ultrasonography (US) revealed multiple liver tumors, although he had been receiving regular US studies. We stopped sitagliptin and started insulin and corticosteroids. However, his renal dysfunction progressed, and he died 14 days after the hospitalization. We should therefore be careful of various complications, including bullous pemphigoid and progression of tumors, when using DPP-4 inhibitors.

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Background/Aim: Hepatic encephalopathy is an adverse event resulting from lenvatinib use in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the influence of lenvatinib on portal venous flow velocity (PVV) and serum ammonia concentration. Patients and Methods: Eleven patients with unresectable HCC were enrolled, including three with modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade 1, three with grade 2a, and five with grade 2b. PVV was measured by Doppler ultrasound sonography before and on day 2 of administration. Results: Out of 11 patients, one developed hepatic encephalopathy. PVV was reduced in 10 patients, and the change from baseline was significantly correlated with lenvatinib dosage. The increase in serum ammonia concentration was affected by lenvatinib dose and baseline hepatic function as a threshold between mALBI grade 2a and 2b statistically. There was no correlation between changes in PVV and serum ammonia concentration. Conclusion: Lenvatinib might directly disturb hepatocyte metabolism to result in increased serum ammonia concentration. Patients and MethodsPatients. Eleven consecutive patients with advanced unresectable HCC who agreed to lenvatinib treatment from November 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. All patients were male and aged from 54 to 84 years, with a mean age of 71.1 years. Hepatic functional reserve was evaluated by Child-Pugh

Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) as classified in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 was reclassified in the WHO 2017 as either neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G3 or NEC. An accurate diagnosis based on the WHO 2017 classification is important in order treating this disease appropriately. We report a case diagnosed as NET G3 that responded remarkably well to treatment with streptozocin. The patient would likely not have received the streptozocin treatment if she had been diagnosed with NEC. The WHO 2017 classification is reasonable for the treatment of advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.