This review contains the main research directions, which are directly aimed at converting materials based on rice husks particularly, for their role for medicine and biotechnology. Especially in developing countries, more than 95% of rice husks are produced. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the production of various materials from rice husks, the existing scientific information is still widely scattered in the literature. Therefore, this review article provides extensive information on the work of various researchers, including the Institute of Combustion Problems (Almaty, Kazakhstan), on the production of various materials from rice husks and their physico-chemical characteristics. The main applications of rice husk materials in medicine are discussed. The ways of prospective conversion of rice husks for biotechnological purposes are considered.