Background: Diabetes mellitus [DM] is one of the most widespread chronic diseases. It is commonly known by its serious vascular complications including micro-vascular [as retinopathy] and macro-vascular [as ischemic heart diseases] complications. So, a correlation between those complications may be found. Aim of the work: To investigate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and increased risk of coronary artery diseases. Patients and methods: This study enrolled fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] who were referred for coronary angiography. Full History, clinical examination, biochemical tests, electrocardiography [ECG], Echocardiography, coronary angiography and fundus examination were carried out. Diabetic retinopathy was detected and classified; patients were classified into two groups: a group [A] with diabetic retinopathy [DR] and a group [B] without diabetic retinopathy. Coronary diseases were assisted by coronary angiography using two different scores. Results: Population characters, including age, risk factors, duration of DM, lipid profile, angiography scores, were comparable between the two study groups. Patients in group [A] had significantly higher number of diseased vessels and higher Gensini score than those of Group [B]. The correlation was significant between the presence of the DR and both the number of diseased vessels [r = 0.532 P < 0.001] and Gensini score [r = 0.881, P < 0.001]. Conclusion: The diabetic retinopathy is a serious risk factor for increasing the severity of coronary artery diseases and can consider as a predictor of CHD in patients with DR.

Article informationBackground: Increased intracranial pressure without a tumor or other disorders is a hallmark of the neurological condition known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension [IIH]. The major concern among patients with this condition is the hazardous effects on the optic nerve; so, prediction of optic nerve involvement is a priority for those individuals. Aim of the work:To assess the predictive value of the optical coherence tomography [OCT] in the follow up of optic disc edema in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] and optic disc, and therefore warrant more expedited evaluation and treatment. Patients and methods:A prospective cohort study included 30 patients with IIH. Optical coherence tomography was completed at baseline and follow-up for six months. Results:The mean RNFL thickness was 107.84 ± 21.65 µm with mean ganglion cell complex [GCC] thickness of 89.94 ± 9.33 µm and mean optic nerve head [ONH] thickness was 615 ± 189 µm. There is a significant decrease in intracranial pressure [ICP] associated with a decrease in RNFL thickness and ONH thickness. Conclusion:OCT imaging can be done as non-invasive quantitative method instead of opening pressure in follow up of patients.

Article informationBackground: Retinal vein occlusion [RVO] is considered the second vascular disorder of the retina after diabetic retinopathy. Patients with RVO are at risk of the development of macular edema, which may be treated by triamcinolone. The Aim of the work:To detect the efficacy of formulated Triamcinolone Acetonide [TA] injection in the posterior subtenon space to manage macular edema secondary to non-ischemic RVOs, either central or branch.Patients and methods: Our study included forty-six eyes from 46 patients with non-ischemic RVO. All the eyes received a single dose of 40 mg of Triamcinolone Acetonide [TA] and VISCOAT, which is 20 mg sodium chondroitin sulfate and 15 mg sodium hyaluronate [0.5 ml] through the posterior subtenon route using NAGATA subtenon canula. Complete ophthalmic examinations were done at the baseline and after one, three, and six months of injections. Result: The mean age of patients was 58.28±5.19 years. BCVA increased from 0.40 [0.10-0.70] at baseline to 0.75 [0.10-1.00] at the 1st ,3rd and 6th month [P < 0.001]. The median baseline OCT thickness changed from 411.50 [294.00-624.00] μm pre-injection to 265.00[187.00-614.00] μm [1st month], 265.00 [187.00-614.00] μm [3rd month], and 209.00 [178.00-531.00] m [6th month] [p<0.001]. The median IOP decreased from 13.00 [11.00-18.00] mm Hg on initial assessment to 12.00 [10.00-16.00] at the end of the study without any elevation at any point. Conclusion: Formulated posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide [PSTA] is an effective treatment for macular edema secondary to Non-Ischemic RVO with minimal complications.

Article informationBackground: Worldwide, cataract is the main cause of blindness. It accounts for 55%of 41 million blind. Visual restoring is made by cataract surgery. The aim of the work: This study designed to evaluate the use of endoillumination system in phacoemulsification in patients with hazy cornea and to assess its efficacy, complications, and the best way of using it. Patients and Methods: A prospective study included 40 eyes with cataract and hazy cornea were scheduled for cataract surgery, at Al-Azhar University Hospital [Damietta]. A comparison was made during each step of phacoemulsification with and without endoillumination. The post-operative assessment was performed on the first day, at the end of the first week, the first month, and the third month after phacoemulsification by best corrected visual acuity [BCVA], slit-lamp biomicroscopy and intraocular pressure measurement. Results: The mean age was 68.1 years; 28 patients were females and 26 had operation in the right eye. Capsulorhexis with illumination showed good results among 8 patients, 8 showed no change, and only two patients were worsened. However, without illumination, 16 patients had good results and 6 showed no improvement without any significant difference. In hydrodissection with illumination, 6 had good results and 4 showed no change. But, without illumination, 16 had good results, and 8 showed no improvement. The nucleus fragmentation with illumination revealed excellent results in 24 patients. However, without illumination, two patients had good results, 8 cases showed no improvement, and only two patients were worsened with a significant difference. Conclusion: Intracameral endoillumination improves the visual quality particularly the step of the nucleus fragmentation during cataract surgery.