Prediabetes can also be termed as intermediate or borderline hyperglycaemia. These individuals were defined as having impaired fasting glucose IFG. Prediabetes is associated with oxidative stress predisposing the patients to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Osteocalcin OCN is a protein that is secreted in large amounts in the bone extracellular matrix. OCN regulates Beta cell proliferation insulin gene expression and secretion suggesting a potential role in glucose metabolism and in the pathogenesis of glucose alterations in Type2 Diabetes mellitus T2DM physiopathology. Oxidative stress has an inhibitory role on osteoblast. Hence this study was carried out with a total of 80 male subjects within age group of 30-70 years containing 40 controls and 40 cases. Total antioxidant capacity TAC and OCN were evaluated in prediabetic and healthy subjects and were correlated among the study groups. This may lay a step mainly in early diagnosis of diabetes and prevent its complications.

Prediabetes can also be termed as intermediate or borderline hyperglycemia. These individuals were defined as having impaired fasting glucose IFG. Prediabetes is associated with oxidative stress predisposing the patients to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Osteocalcin OCN is a protein that is secreted in large amounts in the bone extracellular matrix. OCN regulates Beta cell proliferation insulin gene expression and secretion suggesting a potential role in glucose metabolism and in the pathogenesis of glucose alterations in Type2Diabetes mellitus T2DM physiopathology. Oxidative stress has an inhibitory role on osteoblast.nbsp Hence this study was carried out with a total of 80 male subjects within age group of 30-70 years containing 40 controls and 40 cases.nbsp Total antioxidant capacity TAC and OCN were evaluated in prediabetic and healthy subjects and were correlated among the study groups. This may lay a step mainly in early diagnosis of diabetes and prevent its complications.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading caus­es of death in women across the globe. CVD is more prevalent in women after menopause due to the lack of estrogens which have a cardioprotective effect Menopause and diabetes mellitus are individually high risk for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy which in turn results in CV accidents and deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Autonomic Nervous System dysfunctions in post menopausal women with diabetes mellitus, to grade the severity of dysfunctions and to compare the severity of the ANS dysfunction with age matched healthy controls.This observational study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. A total of 120 postmenopausal women were examined for the study. They were divided into two equal groups (60 women in each group) as menopausal women with diabetes and without diabetes. The ANS dysfunctions were evaluated based on symptoms and also specific tests like heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver, heart rate response to standing up from supine position, blood pressure response to sustained handgrip, blood pressure response to standing up from supine position. The ANS dysfunctions were categorized into mild, moderate and severe dysfunctions.Of the 60 postmenopausal women without diabetes, 20 women had symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in the form of hot flushes, giddiness and palpitations, (33%) and they also tested positive for ANS dysfunction. Though the remaining 40 women did not have any symptoms, they tested positive for ANS dysfunction. 40 women had mild ANS dysfunctions, 12 had moderate dysfunctions and 8 had severe dysfunctions. In the other group of postmenopausal women with diabetes, 30 women had symptoms of ANS dysfunction (50%) and also tested positive for ANS dysfunction. The remaining 30 women, though did not have any symptoms, they also tested positive for ANS dysfunctions. 30 of them had mild dysfunctions, 18 had moderate dysfunctions and 12 had severe dysfunctions.Our study has broadly shown that postmenopausal women suffer from autonomic derangements, and degree and severity of such derangements are much higher in post menopausal women with diabetes mellitus and are possibly at an increased risk of developing heart disease. Hence early detection, good control of diabetes and early detection of autonomic dysfunction and management is important in these women.