The present study constitutes an attempt to compare normal traits for palatal height and width at different stages of dentition development of two ethnic groups of the Middle East. The observations were obtained from 346 randomly selected normal subjects, 188 Saudis and 158 Egyptians. The stone models were divided into three categories in both groups--primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. Palatal index values were calculated at two levels. Vernier calipers were used to measure the palatal width. Palatal depth was measured by profile Gauge by Vitrex. The results of this study demonstrate no significant difference between ethnic groups at levels 1 and 2 in relation to the palatal height, width and index. For both groups, palatal index increased significantly from the primary to mixed and permanent dentition at level 1. At level 2, palatal index and height showed decreases in measurement in the mixed dentition compared with the primary and the permanent dentitions. Subjective assessment of the palatal height correlated with palatal index. The casts were then labelled so that the shallow group had the smallest palatal index followed by the normal and the deep group had the largest palatal index. The results contribute to the information available on the development of palatal shape within two Middle Eastern populations. Knowledge of the normal range in shape can act as a baseline for studies of certain oral developmental abnormalities.

The Oral cavity is a mirror of systemic conditions. Many diseases have a similar clinical appearance, so a dentist attempting to diagnose an ulcerative or vesiculobullous disease of the mouth needs a good experience. The oral mucosa is thin, causing vesicles and bullae to break rapidly into ulcers, and ulcers are easily traumatized from teeth and food, and they become secondarily infected by the oral flora. These factors may cause lesions that have a characteristic appearance on the skin to have a nonspecific appearance on the oral mucosa. Oral manifestations may precede or follow the appearance of findings at other locations. A complete system review should be obtained a brief history and rapid clinical examination and full investigations for each patient, including questions regarding the presence of skin, eye, genital, and rectal lesions. As well as symptoms such as joint pains, muscle weakness, dyspnea, diplopia, and chest pains [1,2]. So , the present review article will include , Definitions , Classifications ,Clinical features , Pathogenesis, Diferetional diagnosis , Treatment & new trends .