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This paper explored the determinants of performance of mosque cooperatives in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed among mosque co-operators in the state of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Kuala Lumpur. Forty-one questionnaires were returned and found fit for further analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The findings postulated three determinants of mosque cooperatives' performance viz. board members' characteristic, internal supervision and monitoring, and members' support. The antecedents of mosque cooperative performance initial model also met the requirement for convergence validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. The PLS result showed that board members' characteristics, members' support, and internal supervision and monitoring positively determined mosque cooperatives' financial performance, and eventually financial performance influenced non-financial performance. The findings are expected to benefit regulator, national apex cooperative (ANGKASA), and mosque co-operators in illustrating an appropriate mechanism to boost performance in coming years.

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