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Since collagen derived products are highly used in food supplements due to its bioactive properties by influencing cellular and tissue health, flexibility with high effect of repairing and adaptation. It is necessary to carry out safety requirement of an oral chronic toxicity assessment. This study investigated the adverse effect of long term oral administration of collagen-® in pregnant rabbits. We have conducted a thirty days randomized controlled trial in pregnant rabbits. Rabbits were randomized into two groups; Group 1 (control group) were administrated with 1 ml of normal saline PO, SID while Group 2 (collagen-α group) were administered with 1 ml of collagen-α ® PO, SID for one month. Bodyweight gain, viscera weight and histopathological evaluation of the individual rabbit were recorded. The results revealed that the body weight gain and visceral tissues weight in the collagen-α group were significantly lower than the control group. Moreover, various histopathological changes were recorded in heart, lungs, liver and kidneys of the collagen-α group when compared with the non-significant changes that noticed in the control group. Under the conditions of the current study, a high risk of chronic toxic effect was observed in pregnant rabbits inoculated with 1 ml of oral dose of collagen alpha supplement. This result suggests that the adverse effect of collagen derived supplements is overbalancing the benefits.

This work was designed to conduct an anatomical, histological, and histochemical comparative study of the duodenum between common moorhen and domestic fowl. Thirty birds of common moorhen and thirty birds of domestic fowl that were obtained from a commercial market (Al Basra city) were used in this study, and the work was conducted at the veterinary medicine collage, University of Basra. The anatomical study showed that the duodenum was a convoluted tube that extended as a U shape and held the pancreas between the two arms of the duodenum. The duodenum has similar histological structures in both domestic fowl and common moorhen where the wall of this tubular organ is composed of four layers (tunica mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa). The results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences at level P<0.05 in the thickness of (tunica mucosa, crypts, tunica sub mucosa, and tunica muscularis) between two birds. The histochemical study of the duodenum revealed the carbohydrates distribution on the mucous layer and columnar epithelium and around the intestinal glands, while the glycogen granules distribution around the glands and muscle layers.

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