No abstract

In this study, characterizations of wastewaters produced from Dairy products facilities were investigated. 6 th of October industrial zone has been selected as it is the biggest industrial city which includes 2000 registered companies distributed along eleven zones. Dairy industrial sector represents 12 % of total facilities (220 manufacturing facilities) .The main objective of this study is to estimate pollution load produced from dairy industry in different industrial area. Multiple Dairy products are represented such as milk, butter, cheese… etc. The analysis parameters , such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) , Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, turbidity, color and phosphorus. Final effluents were displaying higher values of organic matter than the allowed discharge limits according to the national standards. 90 % of the load from dairy industries is mainly of BOD and COD, which is caused by Lactose concentration. In addition, Cheese whey wastewaters have increased concentrations of BOD and organic matter. In case of discharge, this wastewater, without appropriate treatment, will contaminate water bodies, reducing the lifespan of sewage networks and the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant. Egyptian government has forced exceptionally strict rules Law 93 for the year 1962 and it's Ministerial Decree 44 for the year 2000 and the Egyptian Prime Minister's law 1012 for the year 2018 for the cost of industrial waste purification. Finally dairy wastewater is heavily polluted with organic load and should be treated before discharging.

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem. Diagnosis by simple and rapid immunoassays is a priority. The magnetic bead immunoassay using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with anti-schistosomal antibody was evaluated for di­agnosing human schistosomiasis infection. The present study was to evaluate the sandwich ELISA as a simple test for the detection of schistosomal antigen (CSA) in serum and urine samples of S. haematobium patients and compare it with ELISA. Investigation conducted on eighty six cases divided to three groups, 34 were positively for Schistosoma haematobium, 32 were positively for intestinal parasites ova and negative for S. haematobium ova in urine and 20 were negative urine and stool examination (Control). Immunomagnetical bead based Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using for detected for antigen in sera and urine infected by S. haematobium. Sandwich ELISA sensitivities was 79.4% (serum) and 73.5% (urine) and which increase by used nano-sandwich ELISA to 88.2% (serum) and 82.4% (urine), respectively. Sandwich ELISA specificities was 86.4% (serum) and 80.8% (urine) and which increase by used nano-sandwich ELISA to 93.3% (serum) and 88.5% (urine). We found that, nano-sandwich ELISA assay had highly sensitive and specifically and technical method was applicably, fast, cheaper, accurate and promising diagnostic method for schistosomiasis.

Background: Toxoplasmosis represents a neglected equatorial poverty disorder triggered by an intracellular mandatory protozoan parasite, known as Toxoplasma gondii. Aim of the work: The purpose of this study was to assess the Effectiveness of Toxoplasma Surface Antigen Grade I for diagnosis of human Toxoplasma gondii in Egypt by Sandwich ELISA Technique. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 94 individuals, divided into 3 categories, category I: Toxoplasma gondii, category II: Other parasites, it encompassed 10 infected patients that have E. histolytica and 14 infected with G. lamblia, and category III: Healthy control group. Results: The cutoff value was 0.233 when detecting Toxoplasma (SAG1). The serum findings appear positive in 43 cases (86 percent) of category I, whilst 7 cases (14 percent) appear negative. In category II (patient with different parasites): 10 positive cases of Entamoeba histolytica have been confirmed, while the other 14 cases were positive with G. lamblia. All healthy control cases (category III) were negative. The sensitivity was 86% However; the specificity was observed at 81.81%. Conclusion: From the obtained results, we can conclude that: to evaluate the different immunodiagnostic antigens detection assays, choice, and purification of the suitable antigen, accompanied by the manufacture and purification of its particular antibodies, are mandatory. The employment of rabbit anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG polyclonal antibodies in sandwich ELISA techniques for the identification of SAG1 in human serum provides a sensitive and specific tool for immunodiagnosis in human toxoplasmosis.

No abstract