Dark current analysis of fabricated NiO/BiTiO3/ZnO heterojunction thin film p-i-n diode is demonstrated in this paper. The diodes layers; p-type NiO, i-type BiTiO3 and n-type ZnO were fabricated by using a sol-gel method on glass substrates. This method is the most practical techniques used for manufacturing the nanostructured thin films of metal oxide and perovskite semiconductors. The electrical characteristics of the vertical p-i-n diode were investigated using current-voltage characterization at room ambient in dark condition. The parameters, for example, threshold voltage, rectifying ratio, ideality factor, junction resistance and leakage current, were extracted from the measured data. The turn on voltage, ideality factor, saturation current, junction series resistance, and junction shunt resistance were estimated to be 0.6 V, 6.1, 8×10-7 A, 40 Ω and 760 Ω, respectively. The effect of post-fabrication heat treatments on electrical properties has been studied. The optimum temperature at 100°C that improves the device performance. The performance enhancement attributed to the interface improvement of the between the aluminum contact and p-i-n thin films. With respect as-deposited p-i-n devices, the heat-treated diodes performance parameters such as threshold voltage, ideality factor and leakage current of devices are found to improve by 5%, 47.3%, and 63.3%, respectively. The rectification performance of the device was 13.6 at 100°C and degrades after the temperature reached 125°C attributed to new material phases appears at interfaces.

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This Study was conducted to evaluate the compatibility between nutrient element and fungicides to induced systemic resistance against damping-off of cucumber seedlings incited by Pythium aphanidermatum, under greenhouse condition. It was found that integration between Ridomil 2.5 G with salicylic acid and silicon or calcium nutrient and Beltanol with salicylic acid and silicon ,and salicylic acid with silicon significantly reduced damping off and disease severity to 0.00, 1.66; 0.00, 6.66; 0.00, 6.66 and 0.00, 3.33% respectively, Compared to control treatment (Pathogen only) which caused 86.66, 85.00% respectively. Over that, these treatments caused significant increase in dry weight of shoots and roots. These results revealed to apply fungicide and nutrient element in IPM program to control the pathogen.

A compact frequency reconfigurable antenna is designed and analyzed in this paper to operate with global positioning system (GPS) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The designed antenna is printed on flame resistant 4 (FR4) epoxy substrate with relative permittivity is 4.3, loss tangent of 0.03 and overall substrate with ground (GND) plane dimensions of (54.6x54.6x1.6) mm3 and patch dimensions of (45x45) mm2. The antenna is designed and optimized using computer simulation technology (CST) package through series of parametric studies in order to cover the GPS, WiMAX bands with resonant frequency of 1.229 GHz, 1.575 GHz, and 3.34 GHz. Two triangular slots at the patch sides and single elliptical slot at the middle are etched for the best antenna performance. The designed antenna performs frequency re-configurability by using PIN diode switch at the inset feed to change the operating frequencies from double band operation at (1.575 and 3.34) GHz to single band at 1.229 GHz under S11 ≤-10 dB. The proposed antenna produces accepted simulation results with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), maximum radiation efficiency and gain of less than 2.76% and 7.035 dBi respectively.