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SCD in the family Echocardiography Cardiomyopathies Clinical and genetic family screening in selected cases Known cardiomyopathy in the family CMR Mitral valve prolapse Palpitations Echocardiography Cardiomyopathies Consider 24-h and/or long-term ambulatory ECG monitoring and/or electrophysiological study in selected cases Syncope CMR Coronary artery disease/ anomalies CT according to clinical suspicion Consider stress echo to rule out LV outflow obstruction Chest pain Echocardiography Coronary artery disease/ anomalies Consider the risk profile, age and radiation exposure CMR Consider exercise stress imaging CT Nuclear imaging Physical examination Imaging tests of choice Heart disease Additional testing Cardiac murmurs Echocardiography Valvular heart disease Additional tests on the basis of echocardiographic findings and clinical suspicion (e.g. CMR) Abnormal cardiac sound Congenital heart defects Marfanoid habitus Echocardiography Marfan disease Clinical and genetic family screening CT Accurate evaluation of thoracic aorta CMR 12-leads electrocardiogram Imaging tests of choice Heart disease Additional testing T-wave inversion Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Clinical and genetic family screening CMR Myocarditis Annual follow-up with imaging tests in athletes with normal findings at initial evaluation ST-segment depression Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Consider exercise stress imaging CMR Myocarditis Coronary CT or nuclear imaging in athletes with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease Valve disease Pathologic Q-waves Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Consider exercise stress imaging CMR Myocarditis Coronary CT or nuclear imaging in athletes with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease Complete LBBB Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Comprehensive cardiac evaluation for exclusion CMR Myocarditis of heart disease CT Cardiac sarcoidosis Consider exercise stress imaging Nuclear imaging Valve disease Coronary artery disease/ anomalies Bifascicular block (RBBB and left anterior hemiblock) Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Additional tests on the basis of echocardiographic findings and clinical suspicion Myocarditis Cardiac sarcoidosis Coronary artery disease Non-specific intraventricular conduction delay Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Additional tests on the basis of echocardiographic findings and clinical suspicion Coronary artery disease/ anomalies Minor non-voltage criteria for LV or RV hypertrophy (atrial enlargement and QRS axis deviation) Echocardiogram Cardiomyopathies Additional tests on the basis of echocardiographic findings and clinical suspicion Valve disease Congenital heart disease Pulmonary hypertension Abnormal exercise testing (repolarization abnormalities/ symptoms/arrhythmias) Echocardiography Coronary artery disease/ anomalies Consider the cardiovascular risk profile and age CMR Consider also exercise stress imaging CT Cardiomyopathies Low-radiation examinations advised in young individuals Nuclear imaging Myocarditis CMR, cardiac magnetic re...

The NORRE study provides contemporary, applicable echocardiographic reference ranges for LA function. Our data highlight the importance of age-specific reference values for LA functions.