A cartografia temática surgiu de forma sucessiva à cartografia topográfica. Desenvolveu-se a partir da demanda pormapas específicos para atender a novas solicitações por conta da sistematização dos ramos de estudos emancipadoscom a divisão do trabalho científico, no fim do século XVIII e início do XIX. O presente artigo resgata em breves notas,alguns métodos e técnicas extremamente relevantes para o desenvolvimento da cartografia temática, tanto quanto ramode produção cartográfica quanto uma disciplina acadêmica de disseminação do conhecimento geográfico. Apesar deem essência todo mapa possuir um tema, a denominada cartografia temática possuí métodos específicos e teorizações,que foram sendo incorporadas a cartografia com o intuito de garantir a produção do conhecimento na transmissão deinformações qualitativas, ordenadas e quantitativas. A proposta discutida neste trabalho, reforça a ideia de que comolinguagem, os mapas conjugam-se com a prática histórica, podendo revelar diferentes visões de mundo.

Landscape dynamics is a geoecological characteristic that defines changes in a landscape spatial structure and function during an established time scale. In this kind of analysis, geoprocessing is an essential tool, because it combines several technologies that help in this work. However, the majority of landscape dynamic investigations do not consider the dimensionality of the data and the information to be used, which is projected not measured from modeled (real) surface observations, and presents underestimated results, mainly in irregular relief landscapes. Considering that, this paper intends to assess the difference between observations on modeled and planimetric surfaces on the interpretation of landscape dynamics. The study was conducted in the massif of Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) using land use and soil cover maps of different times and a digital elevation models (DEM) generated based on a triangular irregular. The results show an increase of dynamic areas values when observations were carried out on modeled surface, as well as the deforestation rate (17.57% or 0.13 km²/year). This survey showed higher values in comparison with observations on planimetric surface, characterizing more realistic interpretations of how the structural elements and analyses made from these are structured in the landscape.

Avaliação do emprego de sistemas GNSS RTK nas reduções batimétricas em sondagens multifeixeEvaluation of the use of GNSS RTK systems in bathymetric reductions in multibeam soundings

Extração vetorial automática de corpos hídricos a partir de imagens orbitais, utilizando a linguagem python sobre o rio paranapanema Automatic vector extraction of water bodies from orbital images, using a language python on the paranapanema river

This paper is a small part of the historical research on Cartography and Geodesy in Brazil, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography, GeoCart, Department of Geography, of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inside the historical research on the several mapping works developed during all the commissions designed between 1862 and 1890, to organize and to defi ne the support to mapping the role Empire and also Rio de Janeiro State, including the Neutral Municipal district of Rio de Janeiro, there was need to know all early initiatives, which gave origin to the mapping systems used, before the Brazilian Independence from Portugal, during the 19th Century. It will be presented, after an introduction to early attempts, the Empire of Brazil cartographic organization with some cartographic maps, without geodetic support. In order to organize and mainly to include a scientifi c geodetic support, in 1862 was created the General Chart of Brazilian Empire Commission, to develop an orderly systematic mapping. The main personalities involved during the existence of the Commission, characteristics and actions that were accomplished will be presented also. At the end, two great attempts to make a precision geodetic triangulation network will be presented, one in Rio Grande do Sul State, and the other one in the Neutral Municipal district, Rio de Janeiro, which both supported the initial development of the Brazilian geodetic triangulation network.