Favism is most common in those who have G6PD deficiency from the Mediterranean region. As hemolytic anaemia is the most common complication of G6PD deficiency, and it can be life-threatening in certain people. Infection, hyperglycemia, certain meals, and certain drugs can all cause hemolysis therefore, the most prevalent enzymopathy is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which affects an estimated 400 million individuals, globally. Exposure to some medicines might cause hemolytic anaemia. The most important management technique is to avoid oxidative stresses by avoiding a hemolytic crisis. Also, avoidance of exposure to food and medicines that causes  hemolytic anaemia episodes This review looks at etiology, epidemiology, pathopysiology, evaluation and management of the disease.

Keratoconus (KN), is an eye disorder, characterized by progressive thinning and protrusion of central cornea. A number of conditions such as such as allergy, asthma, eczema, and eye rubbing has been shown to be associated with the development of KN. However, there is a disagreement regarding some of risk factors and their strength so we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to determine how strongly risk factors such as eye rubbing, and atopic triad associate with KN development and progression. We systematically searched the literature for related studies using specific keywords and key phrases. The studies were scrutinized based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, we extracted relevant qualitative and quantitate information from studies. For meta-analysis we used odds ratio (OR) and their 95% CI were used to draw forest plots. 35 studies were selected in final meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis yielded the combined effect of risk factors with OR of 2.20 and a 95% CI of 1.84–2.64. Furthermore, we found that eye rubbing-related studies had effect size of OR 2.09 with a 95% CI of 1.76–2.49 and a p value of 0.00001. For atopic triad (allergic rhinits, asthma and eczema) related studies, the meta-analysis yielded overall effect size of OR 2.34 with 95% CI of 2.06-2.66. Eye rubbing and atopic triad (allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma) are important risk factors for KC development with statistically strong association.

Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive disease presenting with early-onset and slowly progressing cerebellar ataxia, areflexia and peripheral axonal neuropathy. Mutations in the APTX gene c.751C>T p.(His251Tyr) were detected with probable homozygosity in the APTX gene (chromosome 9) that encodes a nuclear protein called aprataxin that is involved in DNA repair. AOA1 also contributes to neuronal development and function. Ocular apraxia is most prominent in the early stages of the disease, while hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and cognitive impairment are common symptoms in the adult stage. The present study reported the clinical features of an 8-year-old female patient with mutations in the APTX gene and discussed the differential diagnosis from other forms of hereditary ataxia.

Among most Medical staff the orthopaedic complaint is very common and, in this research, we focused on the overall Prevalence of orthopaedic disorders among Medical workers, orthopaedic conditions differences between genders and educational levels. Then we overviewed the rates of orthopaedic diseases in different age groups in the general population. These study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions.

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