Partial upgrading of bitumen (PUB) improves the quality (increases the value) of crude oil from bituminous sands to the level where pipeline specifications are met without—or with reduced use of—costly diluent. By reducing the cost of transportation to downstream refineries, PUB can serve as a solution to market access challenges and takeaway capacity constraints for oil sand producers. However, despite significant government and private investments, proponents in the Canadian province of Alberta still face challenges in commercializing the technology. We used a capacity investment model to explore the expected effects of different policy support types on a firm’s decision to invest in a partial upgrading facility integrated with an existing oil sands extraction facility. We evaluated 10 potential policy interventions and their expected effects on investments in partial upgrading. We focused our analysis of these policy interventions on the revenues and costs of firms, risk sharing, and overall public benefits and costs. We find that the majority of interventions are transferred from government to private interests, with little public benefits. Defensible policy actions include capital investment at the demonstration phase, providing incentives for industry collaboration, equity investment at the commercial stage, and reforming the government’s bitumen valuation methodology.

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