Based on the critical state model for the superconducting components, we develop a set of theoretical tools that allow to extract relevant engineering parameters of a superconducting levitation machine. We provide a number of analytical and numerical expressions for the evaluation of the electromagnetic quantities, energies and forces in 2D problems. This assumption includes: (i) rotational symmetric systems as those in bearings and motors, and also the case of (ii) translational symmetry as in long transportation lines. The theory, that trades off simplicity and predictive power builds on the vector potential/current density formulation of the Maxwell equations (A, J) and is validated by comparison against experimental tension-compression data in our universal test machine. As shown, very simple computer coding is required to implement the method.

This article aims at revealing the impacts of depopulation in terms of the violation of the occupational rights of people who live in rural areas, away from large urban centres. The starting point is an overview of the inequalities that emerge in neglected rural areas in the European Union, followed by an analysis of the Spanish context with ageing as a salient factor. Then, the influence of rural territories on occupation is assessed, discussing the violation of occupational rights. Finally, there is a description of different macro and micro actions to address some of the occupational injustices in rural areas and to favour equality in the exercise of occupational rights from the standpoint of occupational science.

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