Abstract. Indonesia is a disaster prone country. One of the geo physical disaster is the prolonged of Mount Sinabung Eruption in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This area is famous for horticultural (vegetable and fruit) producer in the region. The eruption has displaced people, destroyed infrastructure and livelihood. This research aims: (i) to investigate the magnitude of the economic losses, (ii) to find out impact on agricultural production and (iii) to investigate the adaptation pattern undertaken by farmers. The results of research showed that (i) the extent of losses on the regional level is bigger than the annual local government budget, whereas the feasibility of farm business deteriorated significantly, (iii) the disaster has jeopardized village self help organization, worsened access to farm credit as well as caused labour shortage in agriculture. Based on empirical finding, recommendation for the rehabilitation and mitigation is proposed.

Nelayan tradisional dicirikan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia, keterampilan dan produktivititas yang rendah. Nelayan tradisional di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai juga memiliki karakteristik aset dan teknologi alat tangkap terbatas, turut menyebabkan rendahnya produksi yang berdampak pada rendahnya pendapatan nelayan. Rendahnya pendapatan dan tidak adanya strategi peningkatan pendapatan nelayan menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat pendapatan nelayan tradisional dan merumuskan strategi peningkatan pendapatannya. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai pada bulan September - Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunaan data primer dan sekunder, yang dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif yaitu analisis pendapatan dan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan: a) Pendapatan nelayan tradisional pada musim ikan rata-rata Rp65.398,00/hari atau Rp980.971,00/bulan. Pendapatan pada musim paceklik rata-rata Rp13.675,00/ hari, atau Rp205.121,00/bulan; b) Faktor kekuatan nelayan yang dominan adalah memiliki pengalaman dalam mengembangkan kelompok nelayan dan faktor kelemahan adalah waktu dan jangkauan melaut yang terbatas. c) Faktor peluang yang dominan adalah permintaan ikan yang sangat tinggi; d) Strategi peningkatan pendapatan nelayan adalah strategi agresif, dengan strategi prioritas; 1) pembentukan kelompok nelayan serta penggunaan alat tangkap modern, 2) Pelatihan dan penyuluhan nelayan, 3) Penggunaan teknologi informasi yang didukung pemerintah, 4) Pengembangan kerjasama dengan mitra. Berdasarkan penelitian direkomendasikan agar; a) Pemerintah memfasilitasi nelayan untuk membentuk kelompok untuk peningkatan kapasitas dan keterampilannya, b) Pemerintah memberikan dukungan dana untuk pengadaan sarana prasarana penangkapan ikan, c) Pemerintah rutin melakukan penyuluhan, pelatihan kepada nelayan untuk melakukan pengolahan ikan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambahnya serta cara melestarikan sumber daya laut dan pesisir yang berkelanjutan.Title: Analysis and Strategies to Increase Income of Traditional Fishers in Coastal Areas at District of Serdang Bedagai, North SumateraTraditional fishers are characterized by low of quality of human resources, lack of skills and low productivity. Traditional fishers in Serdang Bedagai are depicted as limited assets, technology and fishing gear, contributed to low production which impacted to low income of fishers. This study aims to determine the level of income and formulate strategies to increase fishers’s income. This study was conducted in September-December 2020, using primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches with income analysis and SWOT analysis. The results conclude that average income of traditional fishers in fishing season is IDR65,398/day or IDR 980,971/month. The average income during the famine season is IDR13,675/day or IDR205,121/month. Furthermore, dominant factor of fishers strength is having experience in fishing groups. Dominant factor of opportunity is a high demand for fish. Some priority actions as aggressive strategies to increase income of fishers are needed such as forming groups of fishers and utilizing modern fishing gears, training and counseling for fishers, using information technology, and developing cooperation and network. Therefore, this paper suggests some recommendations: a) Governments need to facilitate fishers to form groups to increase their capacity and skills, b) Governments shall provide financial support to establish facilitates and infrastructure of fisheries activities, c) Governments should conduct assistance, guidance and training for fishers to implement fish processing to add values, and to sustain coastal resources.

The aim of this study are; a) to determine the efficiency level of citrus farming and conversion to coffee farming in Barusjahe District, b) to identify social, economic and technical factors affecting conversion of citrus farming to coffee farming in Barusjahe District, and this research uses descriptive data analysis method. The results of research are; a) average income level of citrus farming Rp. 14,867,110/ha/ year < average income of coffee farming Rp.17.675.996 /ha/ year, and efficiency of citrus farming (R/ C: 2.52) < efficiency of coffee farming (R/C: 4,43), b) Social factor that is public acknowledgment is the main reason of 33% of respondents to convert citrus farming to coffee farming. And the economic factor that is the price is the main reason 33.3% respondents, the conversion of citrus farming to coffee farming. As well as technical factors namely the maintenance process is the main reason for 56.67% of farmers respondents to convert citrus farming to coffee farming in Barusjahe District. Based on the research results suggested; a) for the government to conduct continuous counseling for farmers of coffee farming so that its production is increasing, b) so that citrus farmers do better maintenance and maintenance in order to optimize their production, c) so that farmers use pesticide in accordance with recommended dosage, to reduce the cost pesticides, d) for farmers to pay attention to the concept of sustainable agriculture in converting  land  from citrus farming to coffee farming in Barusjahe District so farmers' income can be sustainable.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usahatani tanaman biofarmaka dan kontribusinya terhadap total pendapatan keluarga petani. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Dolok Masagal, Kabupaten Simalungun, pada Pebruari s/d Mei 2021. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang mengelola usahatani biofarmaka pada 3 (tiga) desa dari 10 (sepuluh) desa di Kecamatan Dolok Masagal dengan populasi 436 kk. Sampel pada penelitian ditentukan secara sengaja dengan jumlah 30 respoden, dan didistribusikan secara proporsional pada tiga desa sebagai lokasi pengambilan data yaitu; Desa Dolok Huluan 16 responden, Desa Bangun Pane 12 responden dan Desa Bintang Mariah 2 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan; 1) rata-rata pendapatan usahatani tanaman biofarmaka adalah Rp74.504.744 per tahun, rata-rata pendapatan  dari usahatani non-biofarmaka adalah Rp5.137.692 per tahun dan rata-rata pendapatan diluar usahatani sebesar Rp7.496.667 per tahun; 2) pendapatan usahatani tanaman biofarmaka memberikan kontribusi  84,1% terhadap total pendapatan keluarga petani dan pendapatan usahatani non-biofarmaka berkontribusi 5,9% serta pendapatan diluar usahatani memberikan kontribusi sebesar 10% terhadap total pendapaan keluarga petani. Berdasarkan  penelitian disarankan; 1) agar petani membentuk kelompok tani dalam mengembangkan usahatani  biofarmaka  sehingga terbantu dalam mengakses bibit, pupuk,  pestisida/ obat-obatan dengan harga yang relatif lebih murah; 2) agar Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Kecamatan Dolok Masagal aktif memberikan penyuluhan kepada petani dalam pengembangan usahatani biofarmaka; 3) agar pemerintahan bekerjasama dengan perusahaan-perusahaan pengolahan tanaman obat-obatan, untuk menampung  produksi usahatani biofarmaka masyarakat sehingga  stabilitas harga terjamin terutama pada saat musim panen.

This study aims to find a model of socio-economic recovery of farmers in erupted areas of Mt. Sinabung in Karo Regency. The study was conducted in Payung and Namanteran Districts with a sample of 30 respondents determined purphosically, with descriptive research methods. The result of research; a) Social recovery of farmers carried out by the government through community group development, customs are still minimal, b) Training on adaptation/mitigation technology related to farming for the process of socio-economic recovery has not been optimal, c) There has been no use of new varieties that are tolerant of diversity that match power support land, d) There is no access to cooperation with partners for the agricultural product market. In accordance with the results of the study it is recommended; a) Efforts are needed to restore the socio-economic conditions of farmers, through empowerment to improve the ability of farmers, b) A holistic approach is needed to touch all aspects of socio-economic farmers, c) The government must provide free space for farmers to increase their socioeconomic strata through activities that productive nature, d) The government must carry out a specific identification process to determine the slow process of recovery in the socio-economic area of farmers affected by eruption.