There are only a few randomized trials of continuation electroconvulsive therapy and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. The preliminary and limited evidence suggests the modest efficacy of continuation electroconvulsive therapy and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy with concomitant pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse and recurrence of depressive episodes for 1 year after the remission of index episode with the acute course of electroconvulsive therapy.

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Background: An association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer's disease has been suggested but little is known about amyloid-␤ and tau deposition in this syndrome. Objective: To determine amyloid and tau burden and cognitive function in OSA in comparison with those without a diagnosis of OSA. Methods: The status of OSA was determined by asking participants about history of polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA and the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). A comprehensive neuropsychological battery measured cognitive function. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of 18 F-florbetaben and 18 F-AV1451, to quantify amyloid and tau burden. Results: 119 male Vietnam veterans completed assessment. Impairment in visual attention and processing speed and increased body mass index (BMI) were seen in subjects with OSA compared with those without a diagnosis OSA. The cortical uptake of 18 F-florbetaben was higher in the OSA group than in the control group (SUVR: 1.35 ± 0.21 versus 1.27 ± 0.16, p = 0.04). There were more apolipoprotein E 4 allele (APOE 4) carriers in the OSA group than in the control group. In multilinear regression analysis, the significance of OSA in predicting 18 F-florbetaben uptake remained independent of age and vascular risk factors but not when BMI or APOE 4 was adjusted. The reported use of CPAP (n = 14) had no effect on cognitive or amyloid PET findings. There was no significant difference in 18 F-AV1451 uptake between the two groups. Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology, but this relationship is moderated by APOE 4 and BMI.

N901-bR is an immunotoxin with potential clinical activity in SCLC. N901-bR is well tolerated when given by 7-day continuous infusion at the dose of 30 microg/kg(LBW)/d. Neurologic and cardiac toxicity were acceptable when given to patients with refractory SCLC. A second study to evaluate this agent after induction chemoradiotherapy in both limited- and extensive-stage disease was started following completion of this study.