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Mono-profile municipalities (single-industry towns) are an important economic and social component of the Russian society. There are 319 single-industry towns, or 28% of the cities of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which, as a rule, just one main city-forming enterprise is located. The situation of single-industry towns is more vulnerable than other municipalities because of their decisive dependence on the sustainable position of the city-forming organizations. The directions formulated by regional and federal government bodies to improve economic stability and social welfare of single-industry towns are demonstrated on the example of a number of such settlements in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The environmental aspect belongs to the most important components of the territories well-being. It is shown in the article that solid-state gas-analyzing sensors can be the basis for constructing environmental monitoring systems. Their main types and properties are presented in this paper.