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Modern data of the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (MMOC) show an increasing prevalence of the disease, a high mortality rate despite the development of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment. SCC is a group of polyetiological diseases. Among the most often etiological factors the use of tobacco products is found as one of the main cause of the disease with the division into active or passive methods of their use, prevalence and potential pathogenicity. Also the risk of the development of SCC MMOC depends on the consumption of alcoholic product as the long-acting traumatic factor. There were analyzed and considered the most common precancerous diseases of the mucous membrane of the mouth, their private and common significance in the structure of precancerous diseases. There was revealed the high correlation between periodontal disease and the development of SCC MMOC, which corresponded to the general assumption about the risk of oncology development against the background of chronic infection in the oral cavity. There were identified new data of the relation between the carriers of some types of the viruses of human papillomavirus and the development of SCC MMOC. Particular understanding of the causal relation of presented on-copathology allowed judging the lack of preventive measures, the necessity of required qualification of specialists of dental and related profile.

Question on comprehensive dental care to patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (MMOC) showed the importance of a team approach of physicians of allied specializations, careful planning and consistent implementation of rehabilitation treatment stages of cancer. The implementation of preventive measures showed a reduced severity or absence of complications conducted by the primary treatment. The data about the important role of preoperative sanitation of the oral cavity are presented. There are described the pathogenesis of the most common complications and identified effective methods of prevention and treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action of different prevention methods. Characteristic signs of “radiation caries”, oral mucositis, dysgeusia, xerostomia, lockjaw chewing muscles, osteoradionecrosis, dysphagia and neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs are marked. It is necessary to emphasize the considerable effect of such complications on quality of life of patients after treatment. This again proves a need for an integrated approach and participation in the work of the specialists of a number of related disciplines.

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In this article considered the current vision of the problem of the influence of dental status in patients on the occurrence and/or development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mucous membrane of the mouth (MMOC). On the basis of the some studies have noted a relationship between low level of the oral hygiene and the sharp edges of the teeth or dentures and the risk of developing this disease. Also revealed a correlation between periodontal disease and the possible development of SCC MMOC that corresponds to the main prediction about the risk of the development of this pathology on the background of the effects of chronical infection in the oral cavity. Significant correlation between the presence of carious lesions and the risk of developing SCC MNOC in contrast, is not detected. But clearly expressed role in the development of the cancers are galvanism and precancerous diseases of the oral mucous membrane and the red border of the lips.